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Language of Anatomy
Anatomy terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abdomen AB-doh-men | the region between the diaphragm and the pelvis |
| Absorption ab-ZORP-shun | the passage of gases. liquids or solutes through a membrane |
| Acidic ah-SID-ik | describes a solution where the pH is below 7; having a relatively high concentration of hydrogen ions |
| Acromial ah-KROH-mee-al | the outer end of the scapula; site where the clavicle is attached |
| Acrosome AK-roh-sohm | caplike structure at the end of sperm; produces enzymes for egg penetration |
| Actin Ak-tin | a thin, protein filament found in skeletal muscle cells; protein component of microfilaments |
| Adipocyte AD-i-po-syte | fat cell |
| Afferent AF-fer-ent | toward; opposite of efferent |
| Alkaline AL-kah-lin | basic; pH greater that 7; having a relatively low concentration of hydrogen ions. |
| Aveolus/Aveoli al-VEE-oh-luss/ al-VEE-oh-lye | a delicate air sac at the end of the bronchial tree in the lungs; where gas exchange occurs with the blood |
| Amino acid ah-MEE-no ASS-id | the structural unit of a protein composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen |
| Amnion AM-nee-on | one of the extra embryonic membranes; develops around the embryo/ fetus forming the amniotic cavity |
| Amniotic fluid am-nee-OT-ik fluid | the fluid that surrounds and cushions the developing embryo and fetus |
| Amniotic sac am-nee-OT-ic Sac | fluid-filled chamber in which the embryo floats during development |
| Anaphase AN-nah-fayz | stage of mitosis; when the chromatid pairs separate and movie toward the opposite ends of the cell |
| Antebrachial an-tee-BRAY-kee-al | pertaining to the forearm |
| Antecubital an-tee-KYOO-bi-tal | pertaining to the anterior side of the elbow |
| Anterior an-TEER-ee-or | toward the front or ventral; opposite of posterior |
| Antrum AN-trum | central chamber |
| Anus AY-nus | external opening at the end of the rectum |
| Aorta ay-OR-tah | largest artery in the body; carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle and into the systemic circuit |
| Apex AY-peks | pointed tip of a structure |
| Aponeurosis ap-oh-nyoo-ROH-sis | broad, flat collagenous sheets that may serve as anchor points for skeletal muscle |
| Appendix ah-PEND-diks | small organ connected to the cecum of the large intestine |
| Aqueous humor AY-kwee-us Hyoo-mor | a fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye |
| Arachnoid ah-RAK-noyd | middle meninges that surround the CSF and protect the brain and spinal cord |
| Arbor Vitae AR-bor VYE-tay | central area of white matter in the cerebellum |
| Arteriole ar-TEER-ee-ohl | microscopic blood vessel that connects small arteries to capillaries |
| Artery AR-ter-ee | a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
| Articulation ar-tik-yoo-LAY-shun | joint; point of contact between bones |
| Atom AT-om | smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element |
| Atrium AY-tree-um | an upper chamber of the heart; receives blood from the pulmonary or systemic system |
| Auditory AW-di-toh-ree | pertaining to the sense of hearing |
| Auditory tube AW-di-toh-ree tube | passageway that connects the nasopharynx with the middle ear |
| Auricle AW-ri-kul | curved, flexible upper portion of the ear; also, expandable flap-like structure of an atrium in the heart |
| Axilla AK-sil-ah | the armpit |
| Axon AK-son | nerve cell process that conducts impulse away from cell body |
| Axon hillock Ak-son HILL-ok | funnel-shaped portion of neural cell body from which the axon extends |
| Basement membrane BAYSE-ment MEM-brayne | a layer of protein fibers that connects the epithelium to the underlying connective tissue |
| Basophil BAY-so-fil | white blood cell; releases histamine into damaged tissue |
| Bicuspid valve bye-KUSS-pid valve | the left atrioventricular (A-V) valve in the heart; also known as the mitral valve |
| Bicuspids bye-KUSS-pids | teeth used for crushing, mashing, and grinding; premolars |
| Blastocyst BLASS-toh-sist | early stage in embryonic development; a hollow ball of cells consisting of an inner cell mass and an outer cell mass |
| Blastomere BLASS-toh-meer | the first cleavage division that produces a pre-embroy consisting of two identical cells |
| Bolus BOH-luss | a small pastey mass of crushed and chewed food to be swallowed |
| Brachial BRAY-kee-al | pertaining to the upper limb between shoulder and elbow |
| Brain stem brayn stem | part of the brain that contains important processing centers; consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain |
| Bronchiole BRONG-kee-ohl | small, tube-like branch of a bronchus; lacks cartilaginous supports but wall contains smooth muscle |
| Buccal BUK-al | pertaining to the cheek |
| Bulbourethral glands BUL-boh-yoo-REE-thral glands | small, mucus glands located at the base of the penis; secretions lubricate the urethra |
| Calcification kal-sih-fih-KAY-shun | process of hardening a tissue with deposits of calcium salts |
| Canaliculus/Canaliculi kan-ah-LIK-yoo-luss/kan-ah-LIK-yoo-lye | microscopic channels between cells, found in compact bone and liver; in compact bone, canaliculi allow diffusion of nutrients and wastes; in liver, bile canaliculi transport bile to bile ducts |
| Canine tooth KAY-nyne tooth | sharp pointed teeth |
| Capillary KAP-i-lair-ee | smallest blood vessel; connects arterioles and venules |
| Carbohydrate kar-boh-HYE-drayt | organic compound containing carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen; sugars, starches, and cellulose |
| Carotid artery kah-ROT-id AR-ter-ee | the large artery of the neck that provides a major blood supply to the brain |
| Carpals KAR-puls | wrist bones |
| Carpus/Carpal | the wrist |
| Caudal KAW-dal | the tail |
| Cecum SEE-kum | the pouch located at the beginning of the large intestine |
| Cell sell | the basic unit of life |
| Cementum se-MEN-tum | bone-like material covering the root of the tooth |
| Centriole SEN-tree-ohl | tiny, cylindrical organelle of a cell; involved with spindle formation during mitosis |
| Centromere SEN-troh-meer | the region where two chromatids are connected during the early stages of cell division |
| Centrosome SEN-troh-meer | the region of cytoplasm that contains a pair of centrioles |
| Cerebellum sair-eh-BELL-um | second largest part of the brain; coordinates and refines learned movement patterns |
| Cerebrum SAIR-eh-brum | largest region of the brain; origin of conscious thoughts and all intellectual functions; controls sensory and motor integration |
| Cervical SER-vih-kal | pertaining to the neck |
| Cervix | SER-viks |
| Chief cells CHEEF sells | cells found in the stomach; secrete pepsinogen |
| Cholecystokinin (CCK) koh-lee-sis-toh-KYE-nin | a duodenal hormone that stimulates contraction of the gall bladder and secretion of digestive enzymes from the pancreas |
| Chondrocyte KON-droh-syte | a cartilage cell |
| Chorion KOH-ree-on | a membrane consisting of the mesoderm and trophoblast; develops into a membrane of the placenta |
| Choroid KOH-royd | middle, vascular layer of the eye |
| Chromatid KORH-mah-tid | either of two daughter strands of chromosomes that are joined by a single centromere |
| Chromatin KROH-mah-tin | chromosomal material that is loosely coiled, forming a tangle of fine filaments with a grainy appearance |
| Chromosome KROH-meh-sohm | tightly compacted structures that contain coiled DNA wrapped around histone proteins; normal human body cells contain 46 chromosomes each |
| Chyme kyme | a soupy, viscous mixture of ingested substances and gastric juice first formed in the stomach |
| Cilia SIL-ee-ah | long folds of a plasma membrane that contain microtubules |
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