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Mitosis&Meiosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is binary fission? What type of organisms use this process? | bacteria division. Prokaryotes |
| What is the shape of bacterial DNA? | circular |
| What is the difference between Somatic cells and Gametes? | Somatic: body Gametes: sex |
| How many chromosomes are found in the human somatic cells? | 46 |
| How many chromosomes are found in human gametes? | 23 |
| What is the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes? | autosomes: do not determine the gender sex chromosomes: do determine the gender (XY) |
| What type of sex chromosomes do women have? | XX |
| What type of sex chromosomes do men have? | XY |
| What are the chromosomes' parts names? | Chromatids are the DNA copies that are attached to the centromere |
| What are homologous chromosomes? | Chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic content |
| What is a diploid number, and what is the abbreviation? | How man chromosomes given in a body cell (2n) |
| What is the diploid number of chromosomes in a human somatic cell? | 46 |
| What is a haploid number, and what is its abbreviation? | How many chromosomes in a given sex cell (n) |
| What is the haploid number of chromosomes in human gamete? | 23 |
| What is a karyotype? | arrangement of all chromosomes within a cell by pairs in a fixed order |
| How can a karyotype be used to determine if an individual has Down Syndrome? | there will be 3 copies of chromosomes in chromosome 21 |
| List and explain the types of chromosomal mutations discussed in class. | Jacob's Syndrome: when a boy has double Y Turner's Syndrome: when a girl has one X Down Syndrome: when the 21 chromosome has 3 Klinefelter Syndrome: when a boy has double X |
| What is the cell cycle? | the life cycle of a cell |
| What part of the cell cycle takes the most amount of time? | interphase |
| What are the phases that make up Interphase? | the cell growth |
| What happens in each? | 5-DNA synthesis, DNA replication G2-growth-prepares for division, cell grows more, produces organelles, proteins, membranes |
| Why is it important to copy DNA exactly during interphase? | So errors and mutations don't occur |
| What is Mitosis? | the division of the nucleus (DNA) |
| What controls the cell cycle? | by different checkpoints |
| What major activities take place in Prophase? | nuclear membrane disintegrates, chromosomes are 1st visible, spindle fibers/microtubudles |
| What major activities take place in Metaphase? | chromosomes line up on cell equator, spindle fibers attach to each side of chromosome (each sisterchromatid) |
| What major activities take place in Anaphase? | sisterchromatids are pulled apart |
| What major activities take place in Telophase? | two nuclei are formed |
| What is the importance of spindle fibers (microtubules) | the ropes that move the chromosomes |
| Why is cytokinesis neccessary? | because you need to divide the cytoplasm |
| Discuss the difference between cytokinesis in animal and plant cells? | the plant cell has a cell wall that forms and the animal cell forms cleavage furrows |
| What is cancer? | when your cells grow and divide uncontrollably |
| What causes cancer in the body? | damage to DNA (mutations) |
| What is a tumor? | mass of cells |
| What is the difference between benign and malignant? | benign: does not spread malignant: spreads |
Created by:
avi16
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