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Genetics Part 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| asexual reproduction | A form of reproduction used by many unicellular organisms, plants, and lower animals in which the offspring arise from a single parent. |
| budding | Form of asexual reproduction where the parent organism divides into two unequal parts. The new organism is created as a smaller out growth or bud on the outside of the parent. |
| parthenogenesis | Form of asexual reproduction in which unfertilized eggs give rise to new organisms identical to the parent. |
| binary fission | Simplest form of asexual reproduction where the parent organism divides into two approximately equal parts through the process of mitosis. |
| vegetative propagation | Form of asexual reproduction in plants. |
| meiosis | Process of cell division that creates gametes |
| mitosis | Process of cell division that creates two identical daughter cells. |
| regeneration | The ability to re-grow lost or damaged body parts. |
| sex chromosomes | Chromosomes that have genes that determine the sex of an individual. |
| autosomes | Chromosomes that do not contain genes that determine the sex of an individual. |
| karyotype | A photograph of an organism’s chromosomes. |
| monoploid/haploid | Cells, such as gametes, that have only 1 set of chromosomes (n). |
| diploid | Cells, such as body cells, that have 2 sets of chromosomes (2n). |
| zygote | A fertilized egg. |
| fertilization | Process in which a male gamete fuses with a female gamete to produce a zygote. |
| somatic cells | The body cells; do not participate in reproduction |
| gametes | The sex cells (egg & sperm); they participate only in reproduction. |
| genotype | The set of alleles that an individual has for a character; ex. PP |
| phenotype | The trait that results from a set of alleles; is determined by genotype |
| alleles | One form of a gene or trait |
| dominant allele | Allele that is always expressed when present |
| recessive allele | Allele that is expressed only when the dominant allele is not present. |
| Punnett Square | Model that shows all the genotypes that could result from a particular cross |
| pedigree | A family history that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations |
| Mendel | Known as the "father of genetics"; he discovered patterns of heredity. |
| Law of Independent Assortment | States that during gamete formation, the alleles of each gene segregate independently |
| Law of Segregation | States that when an organism produces gametes,each pair of alleles is separated.Each gamete has an equal chance of receiving either one of the alleles. |
| genetic disorder | A disease or disorder that can be inherited. |
| homozygous | When an individual has two of the same alleles for a character |
| heterozygous | When an individual has two different alleles for a character |
| multiple alleles | when there are multiple different copies of a gene possible |
| codominance | when both alleles for a gene are fully expressed |
| incomplete dominance | when the offspring has a trait that is intermediate to the parent's alleles |
| polygenic trait | traits that are determined by multiple genes |
Created by:
ksheehan
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