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h bio terms ch 9
chapter 9 terms and definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| genetics | the field of biology devoted to understanding how characteristics are transmitted from parent to offspring |
| heredity | the transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring |
| trait | a genetically determined variant of a characteristic |
| pollination | occurs when pollen grains produced in the male reproductive parts of a flower (anthers) are transferred to the female reproductive part of the flower (stigma) |
| self-pollination | occurs when pollen is transferred from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of either that flower or another flower on the same plant |
| cross-pollination | occurs between flowers of two plants |
| true-breeding | describes organisms or genotypes that are homozygous for a specific trait and thus always produce offspring that have the same phenotype for that trait |
| P generation | true breeding parents |
| F1 generation | the offspring of the P generation; filial generation |
| F2 generation | the offspring of the F1 generation; second filial generation |
| dominant | a factor that masked the factor for the other trait in the pair |
| recessive | a factor that had no observable affect on the organism's appearance when that trait was paired with a trait that had a dominant factor |
| law of segregation | states that a pair of factors is seperated during the formation of gametes |
| law of independent assortment | states that factors seperate independently of one another during the formation of gametes |
| molecular genetics | the study of the structure and function of chromosomes and genes |
| allele | each of two or more alternative forms of a gene |
| genotype | an organism's genetic makeup |
| phenotype | an organism's appearance |
| homozygous | when both allele's of a pair are alike |
| heterozygous | when two allele's of a pair are different |
| probability | the liklihood that a specific event will occur |
| monohybrid cross | a cross inwhich only one characteristic is tracked |
| punnett square | a diagram used to aid biologist in predicting the probable distribution of inherited traits in the offspring |
| genotypic ratio | the ratio of the genotypes that appear in the offspring |
| phenotypic ratio | the ratio of the offspring's phenotypes |
| test cross | an individual of an unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual |
| complete dominance | one allele is completly dominant over another |
| incomplete dominance | the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes determined by the dominant and recessive traits |
| codominance | both alleles for a gene are expressed in a heterozygous offspring |
| dihybrid cross | two characteristics are crossed |
Created by:
OConnellC16
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