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CH5 The Working Cell
BIOL Practice Terms 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Kinetic Energy | is defined as the capacity to cause change. |
| Conservation of Energy | States that matter cannot be created or destroyed but can only be converted from one from to another. |
| Potiental Energy | Energy that an object has because of its location or structure, such as the energy contained by water behind a dam or by a compressed spring. |
| Heat | A type of kinetic energy contained in the random motion of atoms and molecules. |
| Entropy | What increases everytime energy is converted from one form to another and is a measure of the amount of disorder, or randomness, in a system? |
| Chemical Energy | The molecules of food, gasoline, and other fuels have a special form of potiental energy called ____, which arises from the arrangement of atoms and can be released by a chemical reaction. |
| Calorie | A ____ is the amount of energy that can raise the temperature of 1 gram (g) of water by 1 degree Celcius. |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | Consists of an organic molecule called adenosine plus a tail of three phosphate groups |
| Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) | What is a nucleotide essential in photosynthesis and glycolysis. |
| Metabolism | The total of all the chemical reactions in a organism is called ____. |
| Enzymes | ____ are used to help metabolic reactions occur. |
| Activation Energy | Activates the reacants and triggers the chemical reaction. |
| Substrate | An enzyme is very selective in the reaction it catalyzes. This selectivity is based on the enzyme's ability to recognize a certain reactant molecule, which is called the enzyme's ____. |
| Active Site | A region of the enzyme called the ____ has a shape and chemistry that fits the substrate molecule. |
| Induced Fix | When a substrate slips into this docking station, the active site changes shape slightly to embrace the substrate and catalyze the reaction. This interaction is called ____. |
| Enzymes Inhibitors | Substrate imposters that plug up to the active site. "You can't shake a person's hand if someone else puts a banana in it first!" |
| Transport Proteins | Membrane proteins that help move substances across a cell membrane. |
| Diffusion | Restless molecules that constantly vibrate and wander randomly, often a result of this motion is ____, the movement of molecules spreading out evenly into the available space. |
| Passive Transport | Diffusion across a membrane is an example of ____--passive because the cell does not expend any energy for it to happen. |
| Concentration Gradient | In passive transport a substance diffuses down its ____, from where the substance is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Assisted transport called ____, is for substances that do not cross membranes spontaneously. |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called ____. |
| Solute | A ____ is a substance that is dissolved in a liquid solvent, such as the salt in salt water. |
| Hypertonic | A solution with a higher concentration of solute is said to be ____ to the other solution. |
| Hypotonic | The solution with the lower solute concentration is said to be ____. |
| Isotonic | Solutions of equal solute concentration are said to be ____. |
| Osmoregulation | The control of water balance is called ____. |
| Plant Turgor | Watering a wilted plant will make it regain its ____. |
| Active Transport | Requires that a cell expend energy to move molecules across a membrane. |
| Exocytosis | During protein production by the cell, secretory proteins exit the cell from transport vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane, spilling the contents outside the cell. That process is called ____. |
| Endocytosis | In ____ a cell takes material in via vesicles that bud inward. |
| Phagocytosis | A process when a cell engulfs a particle and packages it within a food vacuole. |
| Signal Transduction Pathway | The protein and other molecules of this ____ relay the signal and convert it to chemical forms that can function within the cell. |
Created by:
nguill00
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