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Chapter 2 Chem Alive
Chapter 2 chemistry comes alive
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Polymers | chainlike molecules made up of monomers joined together by dehydration synthesis. |
| Monomer | Similar or repeating units that make up polymers. |
| Synthesis Reaction | linkage of two units together. A+B=AB |
| Dehydration Synthesis Reaction | Removal of H2O links two subunits together A+B=AB+H20 |
| Hydrolisis (Decomposition) | Uses H20 to split the subunits AB+H20=A+B |
| Building blocks of Carbohydrates | Monosaccharides |
| Disaccharide | two monosacchardies linked in a chain. Must have an enzyme involved to break these down and absorb them. |
| Enzyme | Biological Catalyst. |
| Polysaccharides | More than one sugar, many sugars |
| Carbohydrates | Hundreds of simple sugars linked together. Simple-Linear Complex- Many branches. |
| Lipids | Fats |
| Trigylcerides | One glycerol molecule with three fatty acids chains connected. |
| Saturated Fats | Carbon chain contains full amount of H. |
| Unsaturated Fats | Carbon chain contains double or triple bonds between C atoms. |
| Phospholipid | Glycerol molecule plus two fatty acids and a phospate group. |
| Phospholipid bilayer | main component of a cell membrane which seperates the ECF and ICF. |
| Steroids | Flat molecules mad up of hydrocarbon rings, provides the basis for chemical reactions. |
| Amino Acids | Building blocks of proteins |
| Essential Amino Acids | Cannot be made by the body |
| Non-Essential Amino Acids | Can be made by the body |
| Peptide Bonds | A bond created by linking two amino acids together by dehydration synthesis. |
| Dipeptide | Two amino acids linked together |
| Tripeptide | Three amino acids linked together |
| Polypeptide | More than three amino acids linked together |
| Protein | Hundreds of amino acids linked together. Linear chain form is primary structure. |
| How is the primary structure of a protein dicated? | By the body's DNA. |
| What is a secondary structure of a protein, and how is it formed? | Secondary structure of a protiein it a spiral of amino acids connected by interactions of hydrogen atoms through hydrogen bonding. AKA alpha-helix. |
| Osmolality | influences the movement of water in and out of cells. |
| Denatured Protein | A protein that has lost its shape and/or function. |
| Nucleic Acids | Built from nucleotides whic are made up of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen base. |
| What are the four nitrogen bases in DNA? | Adenine, Guarine, Thymine, and Cytosine |
| What takes the place of thymine in RNA? | Uracil |
Created by:
obryankimberly
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