Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Lec 5 homeo uic
af;dlasdjf
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| carbon likes to form bonds with other | carbons to creat 8 in outer shell |
| water is critical to life | all orgs are 70-90% water. water has unique props props stem from structure of molecule plants use water as a force for biochemical rxns use its force to grow- to push cells out |
| water two important bonding structures | polar covalent bond around O hydrogen bond- |
| hydrogen bond | slightly positive h of one water molecule is attracted to the O of another which is - |
| porps of water making life possible | good solvent cohesion and adhesion high surface tension high heat capacity high heat of vaporization varing density |
| high heat capacity | many H bonds ling water molecules and allow water to absorb heat with out greatly changing its temp -temp rises and falls slowly |
| high heat of vaporization | takes alot of E to break H bonds for evaporation -heat is dispelled as water evaporates |
| freezing poiont depression | low freezing pt |
| water tends to stay at pretty ____distances from eachother | equal |
| vacuole in a plant | is a large space bc its packed with H20 |
| plant | root, shoot, leaves |
| vegitative stage | growing stage of plants |
| reproductive stage | E used to make flowers |
| water potential | ability to do work |
| fork w= | fork solute + fork pressure |
| fork = | potential |
| fork water | always wants to be equal |
| !!!!! | water wants to go where forkS(solute) is negative |
| water potential used in plants | to drive substances up and down plant |
| alot of materials can stay in plant | vacuole |
| phloem | pressure driven flow |
| apoplastic loading | loading occurs at end of mesophyl cells, goes through cell wall (can go in btw cell) ( moves in cell walls) |
| symplastic cell | entire transport is through membrane, has to go through cell( moves within cell cytoplasm) |
| temperature doesnt affect | plants as much as humans |
| xylem | move water |
| pits | areas of cell wall alcking secondary wall but where primary wall is present |
| tracheary water transport | Movement of water btw adjacent tracheids occurs exclusively throuugh pits in cell wall, water movement along vesssels occurs largely through unobstructed perforation plates in end walls |
| cavitation | introduction of air bubbles in water column blocking water transport |
| if too muc hwater | leaves allow dew through xylem tubes ( morning dew) |
| hairs and wax on leaves and stems | reduce water loss from the above-ground parts of plants |
| somata | permits gas exchange in stem and leaf but loses water |
| stomata | guard cells specialized in pairs that open for gas exchange and let out water vapor- open at night -allow co2 in |
| water that excapes via stomata forms a layer which | allows more gas to come in and less h20 to go otu |
| one cell layer where stomata are | daf |
| stomata open/close | inflate when full of water ( turged) so open, when low h20 then shrivel up and close |
| open or close | depends on interactions btw hormones and ions --AbA Abscizic Acid tells them when to close or open |
| ABA | abscizic Acid tells stomata to open or close, tells when plant is being eaten |
| stomatal appature | how big gap is depends on how much water you have, varies on time of day |
| stomata open in response to | blue light |
| stomata close in response to | ABA |
| Why plants need.... | |
| Calcium wpn | new leaves misshapen or stunted existing leaves remain green |
| wpn Nitrogen | upper leaves light green lower leaves yellow bottom older leaves yellow and shrivelled |
| wpn zinc | chlorosis between veins yellowing tips and margins spreading grey-brown spots |
| phosphate | leaves darker than normal loss of leaves |
| iron | young leaves are yellow/white with green veins mature leaves are normal |
| potassium | yellowing tips at edges especially in young leaves dead or yellow patches or spots develop on leaves |
| mangenese | yellow spots and or elongated holes between veins |
| magnesium | lower leaves turn yellow from edge inwards veins remain green |
| macronutrients in plants | nitrogen, phosphate, sulfur, magnesium, potassium, calcium |
| nicronutrients | zinc, manganese, iron |
| magnesium | important up to 2% of weight of plant |
| plants pull ions from soil | via cotransporter |
| it is easy for plants to import | cations |
| it is difficult to import | anions |
| soil | breakdown of materials in earths crust |
| number of water in soil | is determined by size and shape of soil |
| soil organisms | excrete substances that are critical to keep soil associated w eachother makes a kind of glue |
| fungi | alot of soil fungi grows btw plant cells to get carbon and gives plant minerals in turn- symbiosis |
| fungi hyphi | hold soil together |
| roots excret____ and ____ to make shield to get minerals in plant | sugars and liquids |
| soil particles can be attracted to eachother bc of | static attractions |
| things that help hold soil together | and allows plant to take hold here |
| ellectrochemical gradients | assist in getting minerals in |
| unions | plants have alot of proton atpases and -100 to -150 mV plant cells |
| tonoplasts | membrane around vacuole + membrane potential |
| nitrogen | plants can take up small and large quantities usually receptors are very specific in molar range |
| casperian strips | alot of toxic chemicals can just chill there |
| types of soil | sand silt clay |
| sand | biggest form of broken dwn rock that can be part of soil, not alot of surface area, harder for plants to live in sand |
| silt | medium, stuff can grow -30-40 microns |
| clay | smallest, need to have enough clayed silt in sand to be livable |
| plants cant take in nitrogen easily | so nitrification and nitrocification |
| nitrificaiton | nitrites (NO2-) to Nitrates (NO3-) |
| nitrocification | Ammonium ( NH4-) to Nitrites ( NO2-) |
| Bacteria does | nitrification and nitrocificaiton |
| plants take up nitrogen mainly in form of | nitrates |
| nitrogenase complex | very complez strucutre that brings up nitrogen in a plant |
| Alot of plants take up metals bc they are incorporated into | infastructure of proteins |
| elements important in protens | Fe, S, N |
| ammonium | transporter for it and can be taken up and stored in vacuole and can be taken to plastid for conversion to glutamine, |
| AMT | transporter that takes up Ammonium (NH4-) |
| TIP | transporter that takes NH3 into vacuole for storage ( becomes NH4-) in vacuole again |
| Nitrate transporter | a symporter of 2 H and a nitrate NO3- |
| Proton Pump | actively pumps out H+ to keep down PH in cell bc of symport for nitrate |
| Nitrate Reductase | (NR) makes Nitrate Nitrite NO3- to NO2- -in cytoplasm -can go to vacuole for storage or plastid for use |
| Nitrite Reductase | in plastid -(NiR) -Makes Nitrite into NH4- (Ammonium) |
| GS-GOGAT | 2 enzymes cooperate, Glutamine Synthas and GOGAT, -quickly change Ammonium to glutamine |
| glutamine | -huge currency, source molecule for many nitrogenous containing compounds in plant |
| glutamine can be made in cytosol too and stored in plastid | |
| symplastic transport | going into cells -in soil nitrate not readily available-> plants depend on nutrients form bacteria |
| membrane depolarization bc of nitrate | 250mic micM to 10 mM, depolarizes from -206mV to -118mV |
| so many places where nitrogen processing occurs and many protiens involved | |
| atp required for alot of physporylation | |
| phosphoruss | one of most abundant things on earth, most of it useless to plants |
| key ways of getting phosphorus | one of key ways plants get phosphate is animals either secret it or die-or other plants -mainly organic |
| inorganic phosphate | takes millions of years of sedimentation formation of phosphate rock for plants to be able to take it up |
| import of phosphate | against ecg -one H has to bind and hten a phosphate group binds for conformational change for phosphate in symport PHT1 transporter |
| Fungi and Phosphate | fungi can take it in and incorporate it w other elements and secret it to root |
| Most transporters geared toward | phosphates |
| carboxylates | acids secreted by plants -acidify soil particles- inorganic P is released and taken up by PHT1 |
| why do we need phosphate | phospholipid bylayer, transpor proteins, etc |
| sulfur |
Created by:
ddrag
Popular Russian sets