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Soil Tests
Enviro. Techniques Test #1 - Part B
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Is the term applied to the nature of soil mass in place AND is the arrangement of soil particles into secondary units called aggregates or peds. | Soil Structure |
| Is most usefully described in terms of grade (degree of aggregation, i.e. how easy will it crumble under pressure), class (average size) and type of aggregates (form or shape). | Soil Structure |
| A test to determine the relative proportions of the different grain sizes which make up a given soil mass. | The grain size analysis (GSA) |
| This is accomplished by obtaining the quantity of material passing through a given size sieve opening but retained on the sieve of smaller sized openings. | The grain size analysis (GSA) |
| The retained quantities are related to the total sample used. This retained quantity from each sieve is calculated as a percentage of the entire sample mass. | The grain size analysis (GSA) |
| Grain size distribution curves (graph) allow for comparison between soils and visually present a picture of what the soil looks like. It is customary to plot the percent passing a particular sieve size against that sieve size on the graph paper. | The grain size analysis (GSA) |
| Can be used with a hydrometer procedure performed on the fine material passing the #200 sieve, it can be named using the engineering textural triangle based on the percentages of gravel, sand, silt, and clay. | The grain size analysis (GSA) |
| A formula relating to the permeability of loose sands to the value for D-10. | Hazen’s Equation (GSA) |
| Is the 10% particle size converted to centimeters from the grain size distribution curve AND is referred to as “effective grain size”. | D-10 (GSA) |
| Which equation is used to find that the effective grain size is related to the ease with which water passes through the soil. | Hazen's Eqation (GSA) |
| T/F: The smaller the D-10, the less permeable the soil? | True (GSA) |
| A value which represents hydraulic conductivity (permeability), and it is given in centimeters per second (cm/sec). | K value (GSA) |
| is an indication of the spread or range of grain sizes. Uses the values of D-60 and divide it by D-10 to obtain the Cu value. | Coefficient of Uniformity (GSA) |
| A formula used to determine the permeability of soil? | Coefficient of Uniformity (GSA) |
| T/F: A larger value of Cu (greater than 5) would be indicative of a well graded soil, containing an assortment of grain sizes ranging from coarse to fine. | True (GSA) |
| T/F: The larger the Cu value means the soil is more permeable? | False. The larger the Cu value means the soil is less permeable. (GSA) |
| T/F: A smaller value of Cu (less than 5) would be indicative of a poorly graded soil, or uniform soil, containing predominantly one or two sizes. | True (GSA) |
| A procedure used to determine the approximate particle size distribution of soils that are finer than .074 mm, or the #200 sieve. | Hydrometer Test (HT) |
| This procedure utilizes the relationship among:a)the velocity of fall or spheres in the fluid b)the diameter of the sphere (c)the unit of weight of the sphere and the fluid (d)the viscosity of the fluid | Hydrometer Test (HT) |
| A law which utilizes the relationship among:a)the velocity of fall or spheres in the fluid b)the diameter of the sphere (c)the unit of weight of the sphere and the fluid (d)the viscosity of the fluid | Stoke's Law (HT) |
| A law based on the fundamental principle that soil particles will settle in a fluid at a constant velocity. | Stoke's Law (HT) |
| According to this law, the larger particles will settle faster through the fluid than the smaller particles. | Stoke's Law (HT) |
| Used to find the particle diameter and the percentage of soil remaining in suspension (in this case the percent finer) sufficient data are available to plot a grain size distribution curve. | Stoke's Law (HT) |
| A test that is conducted to determine the liquid limit, the plastic limit and the plasticity index of a soil. | Atterberg Limit Test |
| The physical properties of the most fine-grained soils, and particularly clayey soils, are greatly affected by water content. This is defined as? | Soil Consistency |
| At the extremes, clay may be very ________ or it may be ____ _____ having the properties of a _____, depending on its _____ ______. | soft (viscous liquid), very hard (solid), water content |
| In between these extremes a clay may be ____ and ____ without cracking or rupturing the soil mass. In this condition, it is referred to as being ______. It is used to identify and distinguish clayey soils. | molded and formed , plastic |
| The liquid state, plastic state, semi-solid-state, and solid-state are: | The four states (or stages) of soil consistency. |
| What determines the precise point in the transition among the four stage of consistency? | Water content. |
| A slurry, pea soup to soft butter. A viscous liquid. Known as the liquid limit. | Liquid State |
| Soft butter to stiff putty; deforms but will not crack. Known as the plastic limit. | Plastic State |
| Cheese; deforms permanently but cracks. Known as the shrinkage limit. | Semi Solid |
| Hard candy; fails completely upon deformation. | Solid |
| LL | liquid limit |
| PL | plastic limit |
| SL | shrinkage limit |
| PI | plasticity index |
| Is defined as the water content at which two halves of moist soil cut in a specialized cup will flow together and close the groove after 25 taps. | Liquid Limit |
| Soil changes from a plastic to a viscous liquid. | Liquid Limit |
| Is defined as the water content at which the soil begins to break apart and crumble when rolled by hand into an eighth of an inch diameter thread. | Plastic Limit |
| The soil changes from a plastic to a semisolid. | Plastic Limit |
| Is defined as the water content that defines where the soil volume will not reduce further if the moisture content is reduced. | Shrinkage Limit |
| It represents the amount of water required just to fill all the voids of a given cohesive soil. | Shrinkage Limit |
| The shrinkage limit can be used to evaluate the shrinkage potential, crack development potential, and swell potential of Earth work involving cohesive soils. | Shrinkage Limit |
| Is defined as the difference between the liquid limit in the plastic limit. This represents the range in water contents through which the soil is in the plastic state. | Plasticity Index |
| Soils with a high PI tend to be ____, those with a lower PI tend to be ____, and those with PI of zero (non—plastic) tend to have ____ or ____ silt or clay. | clay, silt, little or no |
| Determines the optimum moisture content for the soil sample provided. | Proctor Test |
| The data is used to create a graph that shows the change in dry density versus moisture content. | Proctor Test |
| Occurs when a weight on the soil surface rearranges the soil particles. The weight is transmitted through the soil to a depth at which the particles support the load. | Soil Compaction |
| Particles are arranged in an open porous network are rearranged, primarily through sliding and rolling into less open, less porous, denser organizations. | Soil Compaction |
| What is the significance of soil compaction? | Stabilizing soils |
| It is important to assure that compacted fills meet the prescribed design specifications for _____ and _____ _____. | density and water content |
| The key variables in compaction include: | water content, compactive effort and nature of soil material. |
| The dominant soil factor influencing compaction is? | Water Content |
| As the soil water content increases, the density of the compacted soil increases up to a maximum, and then ________. | Decreases |
| When the soil is _____, compaction effort will not allow the particles to roll or slide easily into a more dense (compact) arrangement. | Dry |
| As the water content ______, it _____ the particles and the same compacted effort rearranges the particles into more ____ arrangement (greater mass per area). | increases, lubricates, dense |
| Is the water content that results in the greatest density for specified compacted effort. | Optimum Water Content |
| Compacting at water contents higher than the optimum water content results in a more _______ soil structure. | dispersed |
| A more dispersed soil structure results in a soil structure that is _____ and _____ stable than the optimum water content. | weaker, less |
| In other words, compacted soil ________ load support whereas loose soil has ______ load support. | improves, poor |
| The moisture content of the soil sample is calculated by using? | The average of the two water contents. |
| The wet density in grams per cubic centimeters of compacted soil sample is accomplished by? | Dividing the wet mass by the volume of the mold used. |
| The dry density is calculated by using? | The wet density and water content determined in step one. |
Created by:
ctherria
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