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Earthquakes and Volc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stress | A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume. |
| Tension | Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle. |
| Compression | Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks. |
| Shearing | Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement |
| normal fault | A type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust. |
| hanging wall | The block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault. |
| footwall | The block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault. |
| reverse fault | A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust. |
| strike-slip fault | A type of fault in which rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down motion. |
| anticline | An upward fold in rock formed by compression of Earth’s crust. |
| syncline | A downward fold in rock formed by compression in Earth’s crust. |
| focus | The point beneath Earth’s surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake |
| epicenter | The point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus. |
| p wave | A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground. |
| s wave | A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side. |
| surface wave | A type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach Earth’s surface. |
| mercalli scale | A scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they cause at a particular place. |
| magnitude | The measurement of an earthquake’s strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults. |
| richter scale | A scale that rates an earthquake’s magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves. |
| seismograph | A device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through Earth. |
| moment magnitude scale | A scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake. |
| hot spot | An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it. |
| magma chamber | The pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects. |
| lava flow | The area covered by lava as it pours out of a volcano’s vent. |
| pyroclastic flow | The expulsion of ash, cinders, bombs, and gases during an explosive volcanic eruption. |
| dormant | A volcano that is not currently active, but may become active in the future. |
| extinct | A volcano that is no longer active and is unlikely to erupt again. |
Created by:
deangk09
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