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HORMONES
hormones
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| GH (function and target) | growth hormone (somatotropin): promotes tissue growth throughout the body. (ant pit. hormone) TARGET: liver, bone, muscle fat: tissue throughout body |
| acromelagy | think andre the giant! hyper secretion of GH after maturity. enlargement of the extremeties of the skeleton, nose jaw fingers and toes. thickening of skin |
| TSH (function and target) | thyroid stimulating hormone. stimulates growth of thyroid and secretion of TH (T3=triiodothyronine & T4 thyroxine)ant. pit. hormone TARGET: thyroid gland |
| ACTH (function and target) | adrenocorticotropic hormone. controls the adrenal cortex. stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticocorticoids (especially glucocorticoids like cortisol) to help body resist stressors. ant pit hormone TARGET: adrenal cortex |
| FSH (function and target) | follicle stimulating hormone. development of ova & sperm ant pit hormone TARGET: ovaries and testes |
| LH (function and target) | luteinizing hormone. stimulates ovulation then estrogen/progesterone production. stimulates cells in testis to secrete testosterone ant pit hormone TARGET: ovaries and testes |
| PRL (function and target) | prolactin. promote milk production in female (mammary glands) male: stimulates testes to be more sensitive to LH ant pit hormone TARGET mammary glands and testes |
| ADH (origin, function and target) | antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin. made by neurons in the supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus TARGET: kidney prevents lg output of urine, incr water retention by kidneys (brings it back from kidneys to blood). If BP goes down, body will incr ADH leve |
| diabetes insipidus | lack of ADH: leads to large amounts of dilute urine (can approach 20 liters per day) normal is 1-2 liters |
| OT (origin, function and target) | made by neurons in paraventricular nucleus of hypoth. TARGET: smooth muscle in uterus & specialized myoepithelial cells in breast. functions: uterine contractions and ejection of milk. post pit hormone |
| 5 bad results of pharmacological hormones | sterility, increased levels of cholesterol, increased size of breast, liver cancer, antisocial behavior |
| Melatonin: origin, function | produced by pineal gland. affects modulation of wake/sleep patterns and seasonal functions (peak levels at night, lowest at noon) |
| TH: origin and fxn | thyroid hormone (T3 & T4, or triiodothyronine & thyroxine). made by follicular cells of thyroid incr body metabolism. incr heart rate, incr resp rate, incr heat production, raise 02 consump, prom alertness, bone growth, develop of skin hair nails teeth |
| PTH: origin and fxn | Parathyroid Hormone. made by chief cells of parathyroid gland. incr blood Ca++ levels. (incr # and activity of osteoclast. induce Ca++ resorption in kidney (brought back from kidney into the blood). |
| Calcitonin: origin and fxn | made by parafollicular cells of thyroid. functions to decrease blood Ca+ levels. promotes Ca+ deposition into bone by stimulating osteoblast activity |
| where are corticosteroids made? | adrenal cortex |
| example of mineralocorticoid? where is it made? | aldosterone. made in zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex |
| aldosterone. origin and function | mineralocorticoid made by z glomerulosa of adrenal cortex. targets kidney to promote retention/resorption of Na+ in blood and excretion of K+ through urine. promotes retention of water. |
| mineralocorticoids: function in general? | affect water and electrolyte homeostasis. promote retention/resoprtion of Na+ in blood, not letting so much get excreted into urine. |
| example of glucocorticoid? where is it made? | cortisol. made in zona fasciculata |
| cortisol. origin and function | helps body cope with stress.affects glucose homeostasis (incr blood glucose levels,) incr protein breakdown and inccr fat breakdown. |
| glucocorticoids: function in general? | influence metabolism of most body cells |
| example of gonadocorticoid? where is it made? | DHEA: made in zona reticularis of adrenal cortex. |
| DHEA. origin and function | made in z reticularis of adrenal cortex. assists in prepubertal growth spurt and axillary and pubic hair development |
| gonadocorticoids: function in general? | weak androgens (male sex hormones) |
| epinephrine and norepinephrine: origin and fxn | made by chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla. fight of flight. incr heart rate, BP, alertness, pulmonary air flow. boosts glucose levels (break down glycogen) decr digestion decr urinary |
| 4 pancreatic hormones: list them and where are they made? | all made by islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. glucagon 20%(alpha islet cells) insulin 70%(beta cells) pancreatic somatostatin 5-10%(delta cells) pancreatic polypeptide 1-2%(f cells). |
| glucagon: origin and fxn: | alpha cells of pancreas. incr blood sugar levels (target liver to break down glycogen into glucose. gluconeogenesis: synth of glucose from lactic acid and other non-carb molecules |
| insulin: origin and fxn: | beta cells of pancreas. decr blood sugar levels by 1) stim cell to absorb glucose 2) target liver to make glycogen |
| pancreatic somatostatin: origin and fxn | delta cells of pancreas. reg glucose metabolism. inhibits secretion of glucagon and insulin. inhibits some digestive enzymes |
| pancreatic polypeptide: origin and fxn | f-cells of pancreas. inhibit secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes. inhibit gallbladder and intestinal contractions |
| thymosin and thymopoietin: origin and fxn | made by thymus gland. involved in normal development of Tlymphocytes and immunity |
| what are hyperglycemic hormones? | incr blood glucose levels: epinephrine and norepinephrine, cortisol (glucocorticoid), glucagon, GH |
| what are hypoglycemic hormones | decrease blood sugar level. insulin |
| stim liver to break down glycogen | epinephrine and norepinephrine, glucagon |
| stim liver to make glycogen | insulin |
| electrolyte homeostasis | aldosterone (mineralocorticoid). promote resorption/retention of Na+ in blood by kidney and excretion of K+ out with urine. |
| regulate glucose metabolism? | pancreatic somatostatin (inhibits secretion of glucagon and insulin), cortisol |
| inhibits secretion of digestive enzymes | pancreatic somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide |
| permissive effect? | estrogen and progesterone (estrogen is needed to build progesterone receptors in endometrium so uterus is ready when progesterone shows up |
| synergistic effect? | estrogen, progesterone, prolactin & oxytocin |
| antagonistic effect? | PTH and calcitonin glucagon and insulin |
Created by:
kalmetina
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