Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Spinal Nerves & ANS
Spinal nerves & ANS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is a spinal nerve? combination of what? what kind of nerve does this make it? where does each emerge? | combination of ventral and dorsal roots together. it is a mixed nerve containing both sensory and motor fibers, each one comes out of its own level |
| explain spinal nerve distribution in relation to sensory part | with sensory part, each spinal nerve has a specific cutaneous distribution. |
| specific cutaneous distribution of the sensory part of each spinal nerve | dermatome |
| dermatome | specific cutaneous distribution of the sensory part of each spinal nerve |
| dermatomal map | diagram of the cutaneous regions innervated by each spinal nerve. |
| is the dermatomal map exact? | no. there is overlap. |
| when is it known as a spinal nerve, officialy? | at or just before the intervertebral foramen. |
| what three branches does the spinal nerve divide into? | divides into ventral ramus, dorsal ramus and a small meningeal branch |
| dorsal ramus | innervates the muscles and joints in that region of the spine, & skin of the back |
| ventral ramus | innervates the ventral & lateral skin & muscles of the trunk. gives rise to the nerves of the limbs. |
| meningeal branch | small, reenters the vertebral canal & innervates the meninges, the vertebra & spinal ligaments. |
| what do the ventral rami form in the thoracic region? what does this do? | intercostal nerves. these innervate the skin, intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles. |
| what do the ventral rami form in all other regions besides the thoracic region? | form nerve plexuses |
| nerve plexus | when a nerve branches and remerges repeatedly to form web-like braids. |
| what are the 4 main nerve plexuses? which nerve fibers contribute to these plexuses? | cervical plexus (C1-C5), brachial plexus (C5-T1). Lumbar plexus (L1-L4) and sacral plexus (L4-S4) |
| nerve in the cervical plexus? | phrenic nerve |
| phrenic nerve: which plexus is it in?which spinal nerve fibers contribute to it? what happens if damaged | phrenic nerve is in cervical plexus. c3, c4, c5 fibers. if damaged, breathing stops (it goes to diaphragm and can no longer send signals there) |
| three nerves in the brachial plexus? | ulnar nerve, radial nerve, median nerve |
| ulnar nerve: which plexus & what happens if out? | brachial plexus (C5-T1). think "funny bone" if out you can't adduct or abduct the 4 fingers. also lose sensation of little finger |
| radial nerve: which plexus and what happens if out | brachial plexus (C5-T1). think "radial wrist drop". if out, cannot extend wrist (extensor muscles don't work) |
| median nerve: which plexus and what happens if out? | brachial plexus (C5-T1). think "carpal tunnel" if out, numbness and tingling and pain in the palm of hand and fingers. weak thumb movements |
| nerve in the lumbar plexus? | femoral nerve (L1-L4) |
| nerve in the sacral plexus? | sciatic nerve (L4-S4) |
| femoral nerve: which plexus and what happens if out? | in lumbar plexus (L1-L4). innervates quadriceps femoris muscle. if out, cannot extend your knee or flex your thigh |
| sciatic nerve: what is special about it? which plexus and what happens if out? | sacral plexus (l4-S4). longest and largest peripheral nerve in the body. think "foot drop" if out, can't dorsiflex. pain extending from butt down back of leg. |
| efferent neurons belong to either ___ or ___ | somatic motor nervous system (innervates skeletal muscle) or visceral motor division (ANS) |
| ANS regulates what? | activity of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands |
| ANS operates with conscious control? | no |
| ANS: voluntary or involuntary? | involuntary |
| what is ANS regulated by? | regulated by centers in the brain, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. |
| compare somatic vs autonomic motor neurons in terms of innervation | somatic innervates skeletal muscle, autonomic innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands |
| compare somatic vs autonomic motor neurons in terms of sensation perception | S: all sensations are normally perceived A: all sensations are not normally perceived |
| compare somatic vs autonomic motor neurons in terms of what response they produce? (voluntary or involuntary?) | S: produce voluntary movement. A: produce involuntary response |
| compare somatic vs autonomic motor neurons in terms of the effect | S: effect is always excitation (move skeletal muscle) A: the effect is either excitation (speed up heart) or inhibition (slow down heart) |
| compare somatic vs autonomic motor neurons in terms of how many neurons in the motor pathway? | S: one neuron in motor pathway A: two neurons in motor pathway |
| compare somatic vs autonomic motor neurons in terms of where the cell body is in the motor pathway | S: cell body is in the ventral horn A: the cell body is in the lateral horn |
| specifically, where is the cell body in sympathetic motor pathway? | lateral horn |
| where is the cell body in parasympathetic motor pathway? | sacral lateral gray matter OR certain brainstem nuclei |
| somatic motor neurons innervate what? | skeletal muscle |
| A motor neurons innervate what? | smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands |
| S M neurons produce what kind of response? | voluntary movement |
| A M neurons produce what kind of response? | involuntary response |
| effect of the somatic motor neuron? | always excitation (move skeletal muscle) |
| effect of the A M N? | either excitation (speed up heart) or inhibition (slow down heart) |
| how many neurons in S motor pathway? | one |
| how many neurons in A motor pathway? | two |
| where is the cell body of S M pathway? | in ventral horn |
| where is the cell body of sympathetic m pathway? | in lateral horn |
| where is the cell body of parasympathetic M pathway? | either sacral lateral gray matter or in certain brainstem nuclei |
| where is the autonomic ganglion? | it is outside the CNS, either close to or far away from spinal cord/target, depending on which division ANS |
| preganglionic fiber | 1st motor neuron in the pathway. travels from CNS to autonomic ganglion |
| postganglionic fiber | 2nd motor neuron in the pathway. travesl from autonomic ganglion to the effector organ |
| preganglionic, color? | lightly myelinated so kind of white |
| postganglionic color? | not myelinated so kind of gray |
| which neurons are highly myelinated? | skeletal motor neurons! |
| sympathetic division: draw the location of the paravertebral ganglion | draw the ladder, spinal nerve exits between, short preganglionic, long post ganglionic to target. circle the ganglion, very close to spinal cord |
| parasympathetic division :draw the location of the ganglion | draw the ladder, preganglionic is very long exiting between, short post ganglionic to target. circle ganglion/synapse very close to the target. |
| sympathetic division | "fight or flight" involves expenditure of energy, arouses the body for action |
| pre and post ganglionic fibers in sympathetic/ | short pre, long post |
| what does sympathetic division form? | thoracolumbar outflow (T2-L1) |
| how are the sympathetic ganglia arranged and wehre? | arranged in two chains on either side of the vertebral column (paravertebral ganglia) or there are a few in front of the abdominal aorta (prevertebral ganglia). |
| each paravertebral ganglion is connected to a spinal nerve by what? | by two branches; the ramus communicans (white and gray). |
| paravertebral ganglia | sympathetic chain ganglia arranged in two chains on either side of the vertebral column |
| prevertebral ganglia | 3 autonomic ganglia in front of the abdominal aorta. |
| what does sympathetic division of ANS do?specifically to your physiology? | incr heart rate, incr blood pressure, deepen breathing, dilate pupils. decr section and motility of GI tract (digestion and urinary). also skin cools down (cold sweaty palms) |
| what are the 3 options of preganglionic fibers of sympathetic nerves? | 1) synapse w post G F at the same level in the paravertebral chain. 2)synapse w post G F at a different level in the paravertebral chain'3)bypass thru paravertebral ganglion (w out synapsing) and synapse in one of the 3 prevertebral gang. |
| splanchnic nerves: what are they and where do they go? | when preganglionic fibers bypass paravertebral ganglion without synapsing, they are carried by splanchnic nerves to one of 3 prevertebral ganglion. after synapsing they innervate stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver, kidney and bladder |
| parasympathetic division | rest and relaxation: regulates activities that conserve and restore energy |
| parasympathetic: pre vs post ganglionic fibers? | long pre, short post |
| what does parasympathetic division form? | craniosacral outflow (cranial III, VII, IX & X, also S2, S3, S4 |
| how are parasympathetic ganglia arranged? what are they called? | terminal ganglia: located adjacent to or inside the organs they supply |
| what does parasympathetic division of ANS do interms of physiology? | decr heart rate, decr blood pressure, lessen breathing, constrict pupils, incr digestion and urinary (secretion/motility of GI tract) |
| preganglionic fibers synapse with how many post in sympathetic? what is this called? | each preganglionic fiber synapses with many postganglionic fibers= divergence |
| divergence | each preganglionic fiber synapses with many postganglionic fibers in the sympathetic system |
| preganglionic fibers synapse with how many post in parasympathetic? what is this called? | each pre synapses with 4 or 5 post. = localized response |
| localized response | each pre synapses with 4 or 5 post in the parasympathetic division |
| what do pre and post ganglionic fibers release in the sympathetic division? | preganglionic: release ACh most post release: NE |
| what do pre and post ganglionic fibers release in the parasympathetic division? | all fibers release ACh |
| ACh releasing fibers | cholinergic fibers |
| NE releasing fibers | adrenergic fibers |
| cholinergic fibers | ACh releasing fibers |
| adrenergic fibers | NE releasing |
Created by:
kalmetina
Popular Biology sets