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*Biology, ch. 7*
Blood typing, genetics, punnet squares, pedigrees.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Incomplete dominance | Neither allele is dominant or recessive towards the other, resulting in an intermediate form of both parent alleles. (RR=red, WW=white, cross results in RW=pink) |
| Codominance | Both genes are expressed simultaneously, with part of both of the parent alleles present. |
| Type A blood includes genotypes: | AA or AO |
| A and B are ___ over O, but A and B are ___ over each other. | Dominant; not dominant |
| Because neither A nor B are dominant over each other, they are considered ___. | Codominant |
| If type A was crossed with type O, you would need to complete ___ crosses in order to find the possible offspring of both parts of type A (AA and AO) | 2 |
| Antigen (agglutinogens) | Proteins found on the surface of the RBC; blood type based on presence/absence of these; identified on diagrams by a circled letter |
| Antibodies (agglutinins) | Present in the blood stream; used to protect you; builds up after birth; attach to foreign antigens (proteins that don't belong) |
| Type A blood produces ___ antigen. | A |
| Type B blood produces ___ antigen. | B |
| Type AB blood produces ___ antigen. | AB |
| Type O blood produces ___ antigen. | No (no antigens present) |
| Type A blood produces ___ antibodies. | B |
| Type B blood produces ___ antibodies. | A |
| Type AB blood produces ___ antibodies. | None (universal recipient) |
| Type O blood produces ___ antibodies. | A, B |
| Type A blood can receive type ___ blood. | A, O |
| Type B blood can receive type ___ blood. | B, O |
| Type AB blood can receive type ___ blood. | Any type (AB, A, B, O) |
| Type O blood can receive type ___ blood. | O (universal donor) |
| What is Rh? | Rh is an antigen that determines positive or negative blood types. |
| If the RBC has the Rh antigen, then the blood type is ___. | Positive |
| If the RBC does not have the Rh antigen, then the blood type is ___. | Negative |
| In incomplete dominance, there is/are ___ cross/crosses. | 1 |
| In incomplete dominance, if a red flower was crossed with a white flower, then a ___ flower would be produced. | Pink |
| True or False: Therefore, because neither alleles are dominant nor recessive to the other, an intermediate form is created. | True |
| Codominance is also called: | Multiple alleles |
| True or False:In codominance, genes that are crossed are present simultaneously. | True |
| If a person with type A blood was crossed with a person with type O blood, how many crosses would you complete? | 2, because a person with type A blood may have 1 of 2 different genotypes (AA or AO). In order to find all of the possible offspring in the cross, you must cross AA x OO and AO x OO. |
| In the homework problem about rabbit fur, there was normal coat (C), gray coat (Ch), Himalayan coat (ch), and albino coat (c). What type of cross does this problem represent? | Codominance/multiple alleles |
| Sex-linked inheritance is also called: | X-linked inheritance |
| In an X-linked inheritance situation, there is always ___ and ___ being crossed. | 1 female (X X); 1 male (X Y) |
| True or False: X-linked inheritance is more common in females than males. | False. Because males only have one X, it is easier for them to inherit the certain trait. |
| Examples of X-linked inheritance include: | Colorblindness, muscular dystrophy, and hemophilia. |
| If two traits are described in an explanation, then the cross must be a ___. | Dihybrid |
| In dihybrids, if two heterozygotes (for both traits) are crossed, what is the genotypic ratio? | 4:2:2:2:2:1:1:1:1 |
| In monohybrid incomplete dominance, if two heterozygotes are crossed, what is the genotypic and phenotypic ratio? | 1:2:1 |
| Codominance is used in: | Blood typing |
| An example of incomplete dominance is: | Normal, curled, or folded ears in cats |
| In a blood type spread, if A has agglutinated, B has not, and Rh has, what is the blood type? | A+ |
| In a blood type spread, if A has not agglutinated, B has, and Rh has not, what is the blood type? | B- |
| What antibodies are in the individual's plasma if their blood type was A+? | B |
| What antibodies are in the individual's plasma if their blood type was B-? | A |
| In dihybrids, if two heterozygotes (for both traits) are crossed, what is the phenotypic ratio? | 9:3:3:1 |
| The Law of Dominance | one of the factors for a pair of inherited traits will be dominant and the other recessive, unless both factors are recessive. |
| The Law of Segregation | During the formation of gametes, pairs of hereditary factors (genes) for a specific trait separate so that offspring receive one factor from each parent. |
| The Law of Independent Assortment | Chance determines which factor for a particular trait is inherited. The allele is randomly chosen. |
Created by:
mma129
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