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Micro test1 WKU
microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the term ubiquitous mean? | found in all natural habitats |
| Name 4 disciplines of microbiology and how each can be used? | Immunology, Public Health, Food microbiology, Agriculture microbiology |
| State three roles of microorganisms and give examples of each? | Energy and nutrient flow:help change the sun into energy Human use: growth hormones Infectious disease: produce disease |
| What individual developed the naming system? | Carl Von Linnaeus 1700's |
| To what kingdom do bacteria belong to? | gradually |
| 4 difference between prokayotic cells and eukaryotic cells? | Pro:no nucleus, no organells, complex cell wall, binary fission Eu: nucleus, organells, simple cell wall, mitosis (reproduction) |
| What is the main component of a cell wall? | pepidoglycan- give shape to the cell and protects the cell |
| Gram positive and gram negative | Positive: many layers os peptidoglycan, contains teichoic acid, some proteins are toxic, and deep purple Negative: few layers of peptifoglycan, stain is light pink |
| The structure of plasma membrane and identify 2 functions? | composed of a phospholipid bilayer interspersed with proteins, Function- transport of subtances, enviormental monitoring |
| What are the functions of Glycocalyx? how does one of these functions contribute dental cavities? | Function: protection from dehydration, resists phagoctosis, aids in virulence, attatchment dental: because it is sticky |
| What are the advantages of bacteria having flagella? | so the bacteria can move. |
| Where would you find bacterial chromosome? | Nucleiod |
| what is the main component of endospores? | Dipicloinic acid and high calcium content Survive in harsh enviorments |
| Bacillus shape | rods |
| coccus shape | chains |
| spiral is | spirally |
| arrangements: diplo, strepto, staphylo | diplo: pairs Strepto: chains Staphlyo: clusters |
| Define metabolism | sum total of all chemical reactions in a cell |
| Catabolic reaction | large molecules are broken down in to smaller molecules |
| anabolic reaction | small molecules are used to make larger molecules |
| What is an enzyme? what does it do? | they are proteins, speeds up chemical reactions, lowers energy of reaction |
| What does it men when an enzyme denatures? | falls apart |
| Reason why there is a series of pathways for a chemical reaction? | product of one may be reactant to the next keeps large amounts of energy from being released at once |
| difference in exergonic and endergonic? | exer: heat (energy) released Ender: heat (energy) absorbed |
| differences in reduction and oxidation? | reduc: receives electrons oxi: loses electrons |
| What should you watch to see the movement of electrons? | Hydrogen |
| What function to NAD and FAD sereve? | carries electrons |
| the energy from electrons is stored in? | Chemical bonds |
| the energy storage molecule is called? | ATP |
| How is ATP released? | When bond of the terminal phosphate is broken |
| What are the three types of metabolism? | Aerobic, anarobic, fermentation |
| Which one requires oxygen? | aerobic |
| Which one produce the most ATP | aerobic |
| 3 stages of aerobic respiration? | Glycolysis, krebs pathway, electron transport chain/chemiomosis |
| Glycolysis | oxidation of glucose, 2 ATP |
| Krebs cycle | Pyruvic turns into acetyl Co-A Acetyl enters cycle 2 ATP |
| Electron Transport | releases energy which is used to pump hydrogen across the membrane 34 ATP |
| what are the products of fermentation? | Lactic Acid, Ethonol |
Created by:
osheaff8
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