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bishopcainivinchap10
chapter 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 4 nitrogen base of DNA | Thymine, guanine, adenine, and cytosine |
| 4 nitrogen base of RNA | Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Uracil |
| Purine | Double ringed bases |
| pyrimidine | Single ringed bases |
| Double helix | The coiled structure of double-stranded DNA in which strands linked by hydrogen bonds form a spiral configuration, with the two strands oriented in opposite directions |
| Complementary base pair | the nucleotide bases in one strand of DNA or RNA that are paired with that in another strand adenine pairs with thymine or uracil and guanine pairs with cytosine |
| Replication | The process of duplicating or producing an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA |
| Transcription | the process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template |
| Translation | the portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains |
| Base sequence | The order of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule |
| Helicases | The enzymes that split the hydrogen bond between the DNA strains |
| Replication fork | a Y-shaped point that results from when the two strands of a DNA double helix separate so that the DNA molecule can be replicated |
| DNA polymerases | an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule |
| RNA polymerase | an enzyme that starts the formation of RNA by using a strand of a DNA molecule as a template |
| mRNA | a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to make a protein |
| tRNA | a RNA molecule that transferes amino acids to the growing end of a polypeptide chain during translation |
| rRNA | an organelle that contains most of the RNA in a cell and that is responsible for ribosome function |
| Promoter (start) | a nucleotide sequence on a DNA molecule to which an RNA polymerase molecule binds which initiates the transcription of a specific gene |
| Termination signal (stop) | The line of DNA that tells the rRNA to stop making amino acids |
| Condon | in DNA a three nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal |
| Anticodon | A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in transfer RNA that binds to a corresponding codon in messenger RNA and designates a specific amino acid during protein synthesis |
| Genome | The total amount of genetic information in the chromosomes of an organism |
| 22/22 | Know which bases are purines and which pyrimidines. Are clear about transcription. |
Created by:
Maslakowskis
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