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B2 Proteins&Enzymes
Edexcel B2 Proteins&Enzymes Synthesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is translation? | After the mRNA attaches onto the ribosome, a tRNA that matches a triplet of bases from the mRNA. Each tRNA brings in an amino-acid. The Aminoacids will then join up. |
| What is transcription? | When the DNA unzips in the nucleus and a complimentary mRNA is made. |
| Describe the 5 stages to go from DNA to a protein | 1:DNA unzips in the nucleus and complimentary mRNA is made;2:mRNA comes out of the nucleus and attaches to the ribosome;3:tRNA matches a triplet of bases from the mRNA;4:The Aminoacids from tRNA join up into a polypeptide;5:polypeptide curls into protein |
| What is a mutation? | A change in the sequence of bases in the DNA |
| What happens if the DNA code (a gene) is changed? (2 stages) | The sequence of amino acids will be different fropm the original DNA; the resulting protein will have a different shape |
| What is the active site? | The part of the enzyme where the substrate can link onto |
| Describe how enzymes work | Each enzyme has an active site with a specific shape; the substrate will bind/link to the active site because the substrate has a COMPLIMENTARY SHAPE to the SHAPE of the active site. |
| Give examples how what enzymes are used for in the body | Unzipping DNA, another enzyme is used for zipping it back up, and other enzymes are used in digestion |
| What is an enzyme? | A biological catalyst: it is a protein that speeds up chemical reaction |
| Describe what happens to an enzyme when the temperature is raised? (or pH is too acid) | The enxyme is denatured. the SHAPE of the acitive site is changed so that no substrate can link to the enzyme |
| Give one example of a mutation that is beneficial | Colour of wings for moths; bacteria can become resistant to the effect of the antibiotic |
| Give one example of a mutation that is harmful | Cystic fibrosis |
| what is the lock and key mechanism? | When the SHAPE of the substrate (=key) is COMPLEMENTARY to the shape of the ACTIVE SITE on the enzyme (=lock) |
| What factors affect enzyme activity? | Temperature and acidity |
| What is a gene? | A section of the DNA that codes for a protein |
| How many bases code for 1 amino acid? | 3 |
| A protein contains 4 aminoacids. How many bases coded for these 4 aminoacids? | 12 |
| What is a polypeptide? | A sequence of amino-acids |
| What is a protein? | A polypeptide that has folded and curled to give the final shape |
Created by:
ursulinebio
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