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Biology Chaps 1-5
Study Material for Test One
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a proposed explanation for some natural phenomenon? Also known as the solid ground of science. | Theory |
| What is a possible explanation for an observation? | Hypothesis |
| What is the phenomenon when organisms maintain relatively constant internal conditions that differ from their environment? | Homeostasis |
| What uses specific observations to develop general conclusions? | Inductive Reasoning |
| What uses general principles to make specific predictions? | Deductive Reasoning |
| What is it called when there is a differential reproduction of genotypes caused by factors in the environment? | Natural Selection |
| What is it called when there is a change in genetic structure of populations due to selective breeding by humans? | Artificial Selection |
| All organisms are composed of cells; Cells are life's basic units; All cells come from preexisting cells. | Cell Theory |
| Preexisting microorganisms present in the air contaminate nutrient broth. | Germ Theory |
| Holds all information that specifies what a cell is like. | DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) |
| A class of nucleic acids characterized by the presence of sugar ribose and the pyrimidine uracil. | RNA |
| The sum of the masses of protons and neutrons. | Atomic Mass |
| The amount of protons and atom has. | Atomic Number |
| Positively charged particles located in the nucleus of an atom. | Protons |
| Neutral particles located in the nucleus of an atom. | Neutrons |
| Negatively charged particles found in orbitals surrounding the nucleus. | Electrons |
| Atoms of a single element that possess different numbers of neutrons. | Isotopes |
| Atom having more protons than electrons and has a net positive charge. | Cation. |
| What kind of net charge does a cation have? | Positive |
| Atom having fewer protons than electrons carries a net positive charge. | Anion |
| What kind of net charge does an anion have? | Negative |
| Number of electrons in the outermost energy level. | Valence Electrons |
| The polarity of water allows water molecules to be attracted to one another. | Cohesion |
| Water molecules stick to other polar molecules. | Adhesion |
| Partial Hydrogen; Negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration. | pH |
| The breakdown of large molecules by the addition of water. Polymers are broken down to monomers. | Hydrolysis |
| The process by which DNA polymerase is used to copy a sequence of interest repeatedly, making millions of copies of DNA. | Polymerization |
| An organic compound consisting of a chain or ring of carbon atoms to which hydrogen and oxygen atoms are attached of approximately 2:1 | Carbohydrates |
| Repeating subunits of long polymers composed of a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate, and an organic nitrogenous base. | Nucleotide |
| Integral part of the plasma membrane, extending into the cytoplasm, where they are attached to the microfilaments and intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton. | Integrins |
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lindzx92
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