Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
The Ear
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the three parts of the ear? which deal with hearing and which deals with balance/equilibrium? | external ear, middle ear and inner ear. all 3 of these deal with hearing. only inner ear deals with balance/equilibrium |
| external ear | a tube that collects sounds and passes them inward |
| auricle (pinna) | flap of elastic cartilage covered with skin. |
| auricle aka? | pinna |
| pinna aka? | auricle |
| shape of the auricle? what function does this serve | flared like a trumpet to help collect sound |
| draw the ear and label the helix, tragus and antitragus, earlobe | draw ear with lobe, rim is helix. draw inner and outer bump (so upside down head with shoulders). the inner bump is the tragus and outer bump is the antitragus |
| external auditory canal, what is it, where does it lie, how is it shaped, how long is it | curved tube, lies in temporal bone, slightly "s" shaped. about 1 inch long (3 cm). |
| external auditory canal: what does it contain? | contains ceruminous glands, which produce cerumen |
| flap of elastic cartilage covered with skin. | auricle (pinna) |
| cerumen: aka and what is it and what does it do? | earwax. it is modified sebum. slows growth of microbes in the ear. |
| earwax aka? | cerumen |
| tympanic membrane aka? | eardrum |
| eardrum aka? | tympanic membrane |
| tympanic membrane: what is it and what does it do | thin, semi-transparent membrane that separates the external and middle ear. Vibrates freely in response to sound. |
| diameter of tympanic membrane? shape? | 1 cm in diameter. slightly concave on outer surface. |
| what is tympanic membrane made of (in middle as well as the inner and outer surface?) | fibrous connective tissue matrix in the middle. inner surface is simple cuboidal. outer surface is stratified squamous (for protection) |
| what is tympanic membrane innervated by? what does this imply | vagus X and trigeminal V nerve, the tympanic membrane is highly sensitive to pain |
| what is the space of the middle ear called? | tympanic cavity |
| tympanic cavity | small, air-filled cavity in the temporal bone, has mucous membrane continuous with the pharynx |
| what shape is the tympanic cavity? | oval shaped. |
| draw the tympanic cavity. label the antrum, the eardrum, the eustachian tube, where does this tube head towards? mastoidal air cells are where?where is the brain? | draw a cobra snake, small groove as ear drum, flat line down, eustachian tube curves out towards back of snake. antrum=head. ear drum=groove, eustachian=body. draw circles above its head (mastoidal air cells) brain above that. ET heads twards nasopharynx |
| what are the two spaces of the tympanic cavity? | antrum (upper) and funnels down to eustachian tube. |
| where does the antrum end? | antrum ends at the mastoidal air cells |
| what does the tympanic membrane separate? | separates the outer ear from the middle ear. |
| internal auditory canal aka? | eustachian tube |
| eustachian tube aka? | internal auditory canal |
| what leaves the antrum/middle ear space? | eustachian tube (internal auditory canal. |
| what does the eustachian tube connect? | connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx |
| nasopharynx | the uppermost/superior most part of the pharynx |
| shape of eustachian tube? | normally it is flattened and closed except when swallowing and yawning |
| the uppermost/superior most part of the pharynx | nasopharynx |
| normally the eustachian tube is flattened or closed, except for when? | except when swallowing and yawning |
| what can we use eustachian tube for? | can use to equalize pressure when flying, etc |
| infection route in the ear? | the eustachian tube |
| infection of eustachian tube? i.e. inflammation of the middle ear? | otitis media |
| otitis media | inflammation/infection of the middle ear (esp. eustachian tube) |
| what infection do little kids get easier than adults relating to ear? and why? | otitis media. they get this easier since their eustachian tubes are shorter. |
| what separates the middle ear from the inner ear? | the oval window and round window. |
| what separates the external ear from the middle ear? | tympanic membrane |
| middle ear is filled with | air |
| inner ear is filled with | fluid |
| oval window and round window | membrane covered spaces that separate the air filled tympanic cavity (of middle ear) with the liquid filled cavity of inner ear. |
| how do the round and oval window work together to relieve pressure in inner ear | if oval window is pushed in (by stapes) then the round window will bulge out due to pressure of liquid in inner ear |
| what are the three small bones in the middle ear (in general, aka?) | auditory ossicles |
| auditory ossicles | three small bones in the middle ear |
| what are the auditory ossicles? list them, specifically | malleus, incus, stapes |
| malleus nickname? | the hammer |
| the hammer | malleus |
| incus nickname? | the anvil |
| anvil | incus |
| stapes nickname? | the stirrup |
| the stirrup | stapes |
| malleus | the handle of this bone attaches to the tympanic membrane. articulates with the incus |
| incus | provides the connection from malleus to stapes. connects to the head of the stapes |
| stapes | its footplate attaches to the oval window (to inner ear) |
| draw the auditory ossicles | draw the concave eardrum. malleus is upright looks like skinny baby rattle. anvil is just a wide oval coming to a point, touching stapes which is like a sideways stirrup (hole in center). the footplate attaches to oval window |
| size of the footplate of stapes as related to the tympanic membrane, what does this size difference mean in terms of force of vibration | the footplate of the stapes is much smaller than the tympanic membrane. because of the size difference, the mechanical force of vibration is amplified about 20 fold as it passes from the tympanic membrane thru the ossicles to the oval window |
| what are the two small skeletal muscles in the middle ear? when these muscles contract/are working, what are they doing? | tensor tympani muscle & stapedius muscle. When working/contracted these muscles function to keep lower vibrations on the oval membrane. in essence they function to dampen/muffle loud sound waves as they are transferred from tympanic membrane 2 oval window |
| tympanic reflex | muffles the transfer of vibrations from tympanic membrane to the oval window |
| tensor tympani muscle | draws the tympanic membrane medial and thus puts more tension on it. this stiffens the eardrum and thus dampens noise, preventing damage in inner ear from loud noise |
| stapedius muscle | the smallest skeletal muscle in the body. it attaches to the neck of the stapes and pulls it posterior, dampens large vibration on oval window. |
| smallest skeletal muscle in the body? | stapedius muscle |
| what do the two small skeletal muscles in the middle ear do besides muffling loud noise transfer from eardrum to inner ear? | they help dampen the sound of your own voice (both contract just before you talk). |
| what is the extent of the protection given by the tensor tympani muscle and the stapedius muscle? | both will only protect you from prolonged noises, but NOT extremeley sustained loud noises (like a concert for three hours)and NOT from brief sharp noises (like a gunshot) |
| what are the three gelatinous membranes of the inner ear? | otolithic membrane, the cupula, the tectorial membrane |
| explain briefly the three gelatinous membranes of the inner ear (name them and where they are) | 1)otolithic membrane (in macula of saccule & utricle) 2) cupula (in crista ampullaris of the ampulla of semicircular canal) 3)tectorial membrane (in organ of Corti of the cochlea. |
| which gelatinous mass contains gel that is stationary/does NOT move? | the tectorial membrane is stationary. |
| what is equilibrium/balance detected by? (in general and specifically)? | detected by the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear (saccule, utricle, semicircular canals) |
| static equilibrium | maintenance of position of the body (mainly the head) relative to the force of gravity. in other words it is perception of the orientation of the head when the body is stationary. |
| static equilibrium: perception of orientation of HEAD only when the body is stationary. why not the orientation of the body? | proprioception does this |
| besides detection of orientation of head when body is stationary, what else does static equilibrium detect? | linear acceleration |
| dynamic equilibrium | maintenance of position of body (mainly the head) in response to sudden movements. |
| this position of head is read continually, but head is NOT moving | static equilibrium |
| this reads body motions in relation to the head as it moves | dynamic equilibrium |
| dynamic equilibrium: response to which movements in particular? | rotation, angular acceleration/decceleration |
| what is the vestibular apparatus? (what is it made of and what do these structures do?) | it is composed of the saccule, utricle, and semicircular canals. it helps detect and maintain equilibrium/balance |
| what parts of the vestibular apparatus help maintain static equilibrium? | saccule and utricle |
| saccule | the smaller of the two sacs (has a globular shape) and is contained within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. |
| utricle | the larger of the two sacs (has larger, oblong shape) contained within the membraneous labyrinth of the inner ear and connected with the semicircular canals. |
Created by:
kalmetina
Popular Biology sets