Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
MedSurge-CAD
MedSurge CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Three stages of CAD lesions usually present and age? | 15 - fatty streak; 30 - raised fibrous plaque; >30 - complicated lesion |
| Non-modifiable risk factors for CAD? | age, sex (males higher), hereditary (african american's highest; asian's lowest) |
| Pt. teaching for female with risks of CAD? | CAD leading cause of death in women, higher mortality rate following MI than men |
| Most of the triglycerides are contained in? | VLDL (very-low-density lipoproteins) |
| Most cholesterol is contained in? | LDL (low-density lipoproteins) |
| The higher the level of _____, the lower the risk of CAD? | HDL (high-density lipoproteins) |
| HDL's carry lipids away from _____ to the _____. | arteries; liver |
| Increases in _____ are associated with obesity? | VLDL (very-low-density lipoproteins) |
| High levels of _____ correlate most closely with CAD? | LDL (low-density lipoproteins) |
| Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet recommendations emphasizes a reduction in? | red meats, whole-milk products, eggs (alcohol and simple sugars - if triglycerides are high) |
| Diet therapy is indicated for? | pts. without CAD; 2+ risk factors; LDL ≥ 130 mg/dL |
| Drug therapy is added to Diet therapy when? | pts. LDL ≥ 160 mg/dL |
| A temporary and reversible MI is called? | stable angina |
| Myocardial ischemia occurs as a result of? | ↑ O2 demand / ↓ O2 supply |
| Prinzmetal's angina results in? | ↓ O2 supply |
| Prinzmetal’s (Variant) angina almost always occurs? | when a person is at rest, usually between midnight and early morning (in response to coronary artery spasms) |
| Triggers for Prinzmetal’s angina include? | exposure to cold, emotional stress, smoking, cocaine use, or meds that cause the heart’s coronary arteries to narrow |
| Unstable angina is characterized by? | being unpredictable, unrelieved at rest, progressive severity |
| Angina decubitus occurs when the person is in which position? | recumbent |
| Chronic stable angina is characterized by? | usually precipitated by exertion, occurs with same pattern of onset, duration, intensity |
| Drug class to promote - decreased preload | nitrates |
| Drug class to promote - dilation coronary arteries | nitrates, calcium channel blockers |
| Drug class to - prevent thrombosis of plaques | anti-platelet aggregation agents (incl. aspirin) |
| Drug class to promote - ↓ HR | calcium channel blockers, b-adrenergic blocking agents |
| Drug class to promote - ↓ afterload | nitrates, b-adrenergic blocking agents |
| Drug class to promote - ↓ myocardial contractility | calcium channel blockers, b-adrenergic blocking agents |
| In healing of myocardium after an infarct, early scar tissue results in an unstable heart wall for a period of? | 4 to 10 days |
| NSTEMI is more frequently treated initially with? | acute intensive drug therapy |
| Increased BNP would be an indication of? | chronic heart failure |
| Increased CPK-MB would be an indication of? | a myocardial infarction |
| A positive D-dimer would be indication of? | a pulmonary embolus |
| A positive ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan, would be an indication of? | a pulmonary embolus |
| Cardiac Enzymes - CPK-MB elevates within? | 12 to 24 hrs |
| Cardiac Enzymes - LDH elevated within? | 24 to 36 hrs |
| Cardiac Enzymes - Troponin elevates within | 1 to 2 hrs |
| Pyrosis is? | belching |
| Mid-epigastic pain and pyrosis are indication of? | Peptic ulcer disease |
| A pt. with CAD should perform _____ exercises; to increase muscle tone | isotonic |
| A typical early manifestation of mitral valve stenosis is? | dyspnea on exertion |
| Traits of Type A personality include: | individual often suppresses anger and hostility, has sense of time urgency, is impatient, often creates stress and tension |
| Traits of Type B personality include: | more asygoing, takes upsets in stride, knows personal limitations, takes time to relax, not an overachiever |
| Homocysteine is produced by? | the breakdown of the essential amino acid methionine, found in dietary protein |
| CAD can be indicated by a _____ level of Homocysteine in the blood | increased |
| Examples of fruits packed with complex carbohydrates? | apricots, oranges, plums, pears, grapefruits and prunes |
| Examples of vegetables packed with complex carbohydrates? | broccoli, cauliflower, spinach, turnip greens, eggplant, potatoes, yams, corn, carrots, onions |
| HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) mechanism of action? | block synthesis of cholesterol and increase LDL receptors in liver |
| Niacin mechanism of action? | inhibits synthesis and secretion of VLDL and LDL |
| Fibric Acid Derivatives mechanism of action? | ↓ hepatic synthesis and secretion of VLDL; ↓ triglycerides by ↓ VLDL |
| Bile-Acid Sequestrants mechanism of action? | bind with bile acids in intestine, forming insoluble complex and excreted in feces |
| Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors mechanism of action? | inhibits the intestinal absorption of cholesterol |
| S/S of rhabdomyolysis include? | ↑ creatine kinase levels, muscle tenderness |
| Once a woman reaches menopause, her risk for MI? | quadruples |
Created by:
fluency
Popular Nursing sets