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Chp. 2 Bio Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Mass | a measure of the amount of matter in an object |
| Element | a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means |
| Atom | the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element |
| Nucleus | an atom's central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons |
| Proton | a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is located in the nucleus of an atom |
| Neutron | a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is located in the nucleus of an atom |
| Atomic Number | the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units |
| Mass Number | the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Electron | a subatomic particle that has a negative charge |
| Orbital | a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons |
| Isotope | an atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons |
| Compound | a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
| Chemical Bond | the attractive force that holds atoms or ions together |
| Covalent Bond | a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
| Molecule | a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces |
| Ion | an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a negative or positive charge |
| Ionic Bond | the attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| Energy | the capacity to do work |
| Chemical Reaction | the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances |
| Reactant | a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction |
| Product | a substance that forms in a chemical reaction |
| Metabolism | the sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism |
| Activation Energy | the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction |
| Catalyst | a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed or changed significantly |
| Enzyme | a type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions in plant and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed |
| Redox Reaction | |
| Oxidation Reaction | a chemical reaction in which a reactant loses one or more electrons such that the reactant becomes more positive in charge |
| Reduction Reaction | a chemical change in which electrons are gained, either by the removal of oxygen, the addition of hydrogen, or the addition of electrons |
| Polar | describes a molecule in which the positive and negative charges are separated |
| Hydrogen Bond | the intermolecular force occurring when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom of one molecule is attracted to two unshared electrons of another molecule |
| Cohesion | the force that holds molecules of a single material together |
| Adhesion | the attractive force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact with each other |
| Capillarity | the attraction between molecules that results in the rise of a liquid in small tubes |
| Solution | a homogeneous mixture throughout which two or more substances are uniformly dispersed |
| Solute | in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent |
| Solvent | in a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves |
| Concentration | the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore |
| Saturated Solution | a solution that cannot dissolve any more solute under the given conditions |
| Aqueous Solution | a solution in which water is the solvent |
| Hydroxide Ion | the OH– ion |
| Hydronium Ion | an ion consisting of a proton combined with a molecule of water; H3O+ |
| Acid | any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water |
| Base | any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water |
| pH Scale | a scale used to measure how acidic or alkaline a substance is |
| Buffer | a solution made from a weak acid and its conjugate base that neutralizes small amounts of acids or bases added to it |
Created by:
nhpride
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