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Evolution Pack
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| archaebacteria & eubacteria | single–celled, microscopic prokaryotic organisms, in particular bacteria &cyanobacteria. |
| protista | mostly single–celled eukaryotic organisms, such as diatoms, dinoflagellates, amoebas, golden–brown & yellow–greenalgae, & protozoans. |
| fungi | mostly many–celled (some single–celled) eukaryotic organisms,such as mushrooms, molds, mildews, & yeasts |
| plantae | mostly many–celled eukaryotic organisms, such as red, brown, & green algae, mosses, ferns, conifers, & flowering plants. |
| animalia | vertebrates and many–celled eukaryotic organisms, including invertebrates |
| what is system of naming organisms and classifiying them ? | taxonomy |
| what is the list of classifation ? | Kingdom, phylum,class,order,family,genus, speices |
| Evolution | the change in a population's genetic makeup through successive generations. |
| microevolution | change in gene frequency within a population (short–term evolutionary changes) |
| macroevolution | the formation of new species from ancestral species (long–term evolutionary changes). |
| Pansapermia Hypothisis | Proposes that meteroites or cosmic dust may have carried significant amounts of complex organic molecules to Earth |
| Spontaneous Origin Hypothesis | Life evolved from inanimate materials associating amoung molecule become more and more complex |
| What is the miller urey expirment | to test if lightning led to the formation of organic molecules was a boiler producing water vapor struck by light making an amino acid |
| What is the primordial soup | that molecules formed spontaneously in chemical reactions by radiation,volcanos, |
| what is the bubble model | process that formed the chemical need for life took place withing bubbles in the ocean being relased into the atmosphere |
| What were the gases found in the earth before oxygen was made ? | water,nitrogen,ammonia, carbon dixode, carbon monoxide, methane,hydrogen |
| How where simple molecules made | from the gases in the atmoshpere |
| how were complex molecules made | from simple organic molecules |
| Fossil provide what ? | record of life older at the bottom younger in the top |
| What is 1 cause of evoluitanry change ? | mutation- change in the DNA sequence |
| what is a 2 cause of evolutionary change ? | genetic drift - isolated mutations accumlate diffrent mutations |
| the spred of alles across a population ? | gene flow |
| what is the 3rd cause of evoluitonary change ? | when a new population is formed with its genetic based off of first settlers |
| what is the 4 th cause of evolutionary change ? | natural selection |
| homologous structures | structures that have a common ancestor and common function |
| comparitive embryology | study of similarites of stuctures of each embryology |
| what was charles darwin theory ? | species were formed not in there present form but evolved from anscstrol specis and and proposed the mechanism of natural selection |
| what are the 3 modes of action natural selction have ? | stablizing, directional, and diversiyfing selection |
| stablizing selection | deletes the indaviduals and keeps the average |
| directional selection | chooses one of the traits that is not avergae |
| diversyfing selection | delets avergae favors both diffrent sides |
| coevolution | involevs two speceis to interact causing change in both |
| what are the 3 process that effect macroevolution | change over time speciation- making a new species extinction-losing of a species |
| what are two ways a species can form | geographical isolation- sepration into two new populations with 2 diffrent evolution chnages reproductive isolation- changes in a populations interbreeding when a population comes in contact |
| gradulism | a change happens gradually |
| punctuated equilibrium | rate of change is not constient |
| what did erasmus darwin propose | all organism evolved from a common ancestor |
| what are the four mainconcpets of natural selection | varaition, overproduction,adaption, descent with modification |
| Analogous structures | perform a similar function not related though |
| vestigial structures | remnants of organs that arent used |
| gene pool | combined allels in a population |
| allel frequency | the amount that type of allel is shown in the population |
| recombination causes genetic variation by | new allel combinations |
| what are the two types of sexual selection ? | intrasexual-males compete for female intersexual- female picks male with perferable traits |
| behavioral isolation | caused by diffrences in courtship or mating behaviors |
| temporal isolation | when timing prevents reproduction between populations |
| convergent evolution | evolution toward similar characteristics in unrelated species |
| divergent evolution | when closely related species evolve in diffrent directions |
| what are anthropoids | humanlike primates didved into old monkey new monkey hominoids |
| hominids | walk upright have thumbs long lower limbs |
| bipedal | two legs |
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