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Vital Signs
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What are the six vital signs? | Temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, O2 saturation, and Pain |
Heat produced - Heat Lost = ? | Body Temperature |
Lowest Temperature occurs at | 6AM |
Highest temperature occurs at | 4PM |
Temperature during ovulation does what? | Raises |
What hormone controls body temperature? | Hypothalamus |
Widening of blood vessels | Vasodilation |
Narrowing of blood vessels | Vasoconstriction |
Rate at which body uses energy while at rest to keep vital functions going | Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) |
Heatloss without physical contact | Radiation |
Heatloss with direct contact(tepid water) | Conduction |
Heatloss with air movement | Convection |
Heatloss involving change of liquid to gas (sweating, fogging up window) | Evaporation |
What hormones influences BMR? | Thyroid hormone and Epinephrine/Norepinephrine |
What causes shivering? | Vasoconstriction |
What is diaphoresis? | Excess sweating |
T/F Newborns and older adults lose heat easily | True |
T/F Exercise increases temp | True |
Circadian rhythm, stress, environment, fluid intake, infection, age | Factors that influence Temperature |
Fever caused by pyrogens | Hyperpyrexia |
Normal temperature level that is not harmful | 102.2 F and below 104 in children |
Pyrexia/ Febrile | Fever |
Fever effects? | Metabolism increases O2 increases Water loss |
Heat stroke; hot dry skin; can't sweat; heat exhaustion | hypErthermia |
frostbite/ extreme chill | HypOthermia |
Indirect measure of cardiac output | Pulse |
Stroke Volume | 70 ml |
Cardiac output = | Stroke volume X Pulse |
What system is pulse influenced by? | Autonomic Nervous system |
Parasymmpathetic causes heart rate to | decrease |
sympathetic causes heart reat to | increase |
+3 Pulse | Bounding |
+2 Pulse | Regular |
+1 Pulse | Weak |
0 | No pulse |
Bradycardia Pulse | <60bpm |
Tachycardia Pulse | >100bpm |
Early/Late Beat | Dysrhythmia |
Difference between radial and apical pulse | Pulse deficit |
How long is the apical pulse felt for? | 1 full minute |
Where is the apical pulse located? | 4-5 Intercostal space, left sternal border |
Constant body temperature continuously above 100.4F - little fluctuation | Sustained |
Fever spikes mixed with usual temperature leves; temp returns to acceptable value at least ONCE in 24 hours | Intermittent |
Fever spikes and falls without a return to acceptable temp levels | Remittent |
Periods of fever episodes mixed with acceptable temp values, sometimes longer than 24 hours | Relapsing |
120 -160 BPM | Infant Heart Rate |
90 -140 BPM | Toddler Heart Rate |
80-110 BPM | Preschooler heart rate |
75-100 BPM | School-ager heart rate |
60-90 | Adolescent Heart rate |
60-100 | Adult Heart rate |
Ventricle Contraction | Systole |
Ventricle Relaxtion | Diastole |
Difference of systolice and diastolice pressure | Pulse Pressure |
BP cuff too small | high reading |
BP cuff too big | Low reading |
Regular Respiration Rate | 12 - 20 Breaths/min |
Distribution of red blood cells to and from pulmonary capillaries | Perfusion |
Normal relaxed breathing | Eupnea |
Normal SPO2 | 90% ^ |
When assessing Respirations document; | Rate, Rhythm, Depth |
Levels of ____ in arterial blood normally regulate ventilation | CO2 |
Lack of breathing | Apnea |
Respiratory rate <12 | Bradypnea |
Respiratory rate >20 | Tachypnea |
Force exerted on walls of artery | Blood Pressure |
Cardiac Output X peripheral vascular resistance = | Blood Pressure |
Stroke Volume x Heart Rate = | Pulse Pressure |
Analgesics ___ BP | Lower |
How many ml produced in cardiac output | 60-70ml |
Reduces elasticity | Artiereolsclerosis |
Thickness of blood | Hematocrit |
Usual blood volume | 5000 ml |
Hypertension | High Blood Pressure |
Hypotension | Low Blood pressure |
Orthostatic Hypotension | Reduction of systolic pressure by 20 mmHg or diastolic of 10 mmHg |
Fever symptoms? | Increased body temp, dry warm skin, chills, feeling of malaise, tachycardia |