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Lecture 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Electrical Synapses | impulses are regenerated from one cell to the next without interruption |
| Gap Junctions | permit the free diffusion of ions and small molecules between two cells |
| Connexons | channel proteins which allow communication between cells; composed of 6 proteins called connexins |
| Neurotransmitter | a chemical messenger that is released by the presynaptic terminal of a neuron and that affects a postsynaptic cell |
| Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) | a membrane associated enzyme that breaks down ACh in the synapse and is crucial for ACh turnover |
| Botulinum Toxin | inhibits ACh synaptic vesicle fusion |
| Curare | nAChr blocker |
| Alpha-Bungarotoxin | nAChr blocker |
| Nerve Gases and Organophosphate Pesticides | inhibits AChE |
| Neostigmine | inhibits AChE |
| Monoamines | act through indirect activation of ion channels |
| COMT | enzyme that degrade monoamines and catecholamines,found within the post synaptic terminal |
| MAO | enzyme that degrades monoamines and catecholamines, found within the presynaptic terminal |
| Seretonin | influences mood and emotion, found in the CNS |
| Dopamine | can be exitatory or inhibitory, mainly found in the CNS, effects are arousal and reward |
| Nigrostriatal | dopaminergic system involved in motor regulation |
| MEsolimbic | dopaminergic system involved in emotion and reward |
| Cocaine | blocks DAT and inhibits dopamine reuptake |
| Amphetamine | increases dopamine in the synapses, stimulates the release of dopamine from the vesicles |
| Norepinepherine | can be excitatory or inhibitory, acts on both PNS and CNS, causes general arousal and increase of attention |
| GABA | generally inhibitory, can bind to ion channel receptors with indirect action |
| Glutamate | excitatory, important for learning and memory, binds to ion channel receptors |
| Glycine | inhibitory, binds to ion channel receptors for Cl |
| synaptic integration | how presynaptic information is translated in the postsynaptic neuron |
| Spatial Summation | many presynaptic neruons fire impulses on the same post synaptic neuron |
| Temporal Summation | the same presynaptic terminal fires at a higher frequency |
| Basal Nuclei | subcortical gray matter |
| Substantia Nigra | dopaminergic neurons |
| Upper Motor Neurons | inter neurons in the motor cortex that recieves sensory info and send it to the lower motor neurons |
| Lower Motor Neurons | in the spinal cord, body within the CNS, axons form a spinal nerve, stimulates skeletal muscle |
Created by:
rlmurp09
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