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Lecture 3
Lecture 3: Nervous Tissue and Action Potential
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Function of the Nervous System | maintain homeostasis of the organism in a constantly changing environment |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | brain and spinal cord, integration and encoding of sensory and motor information |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | nerves and ganglia, interface between environment and CNS |
| Ganglia | clusters of nerve cells |
| Afferent Division | brings sensory information to the CNS |
| Efferent Division | carries motor commands from the CNS to target tissue and organs |
| Neurons | functional unit of the nervous system |
| Synapse | specialized site for communication between neurons |
| Association Neurons | important for signal integration, called interneurons, located within the CNS |
| Sensory Neurons | afferent neurons, transmit information from a sensory receptor to the CNS |
| Motor Neurons | efferent neurons, transmit information from the CNS to an effector organ (muscle) |
| Dendrites | thin processes that extend from the cytoplasm |
| Axon | carries information encoded by the dendrites and soma away from the neuron toward other neurons or organs |
| axolemma | membrane surrounding the axon, extension of the cell membrane |
| axoplasm | cytoplasm of the axon |
| Axon Hillock | origin of the axon where the action potential originates |
| Electrochemical Gradient | a difference in ion concentration and charge across a membrane |
| Leakage Channels | channel proteins which are always open |
| Gated Channels | channels proteins which change conformations to allow ions to pass through, can be open, closed, or inactive |
| Electromotive Force | emf= Vm-Eion |