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Anatomy Unit Chpt 1

Anatomy flash cards covering chapter 1, Orientation of Body

QuestionAnswer
Integumentary System *Forms the external body covering *Hair *Nails *Skin *Contains receptors for pain, pressure, Etc.
Metabolism All chemical reactions that occur in the body.
Catabolism Breaking down substances into simpler building blocks.
Anabolism Constructing molecules from simpler substances.
Skeletal System *Protects and supports organs *Bones *Joints *Provides framework that muscles use to cause movement.
Muscular System *Allows movement *Skeletal Muscles
Nervous System *Control System *Brain *Spinal Cord *Nerves *Activates glands and muscles to respond to internal and external changes.
Endocrine System * Glands that secrete hormones to promote processes in the body. *Pineal gland *Pituitary *Thyroid Gland *Thymus *Adrenal gland *Pancreas *Ovary *Testis
Cardiovascular System *Blood vessels transport blood which carries, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc. *Blood Vessels *Heart
Lymphatic System *Picks up fluid leaked by blood vessels and returns it to the blood. *Disposes of debris in lymphatic stream *houses white blood cells (immunity) *Red bone marrow *Thymus *Lymphatic vessels *Thoracic duct *Spleen *lymph nodes
Respiratory System *keeps blood constantly supplied with O2 and removes CO2. *Nasal Cavity *Pharynx *Larynx *Trachea *Lung *Bronchus
Digestive System *Breaks down food into absorbable units. *Oral Cavity *Esophagus *Liver *Stomach *Small Intestine *Rectum *Anus *Large Intestine
Urinary System *Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. *Kidney *Ureter *Urinary bladder *Urethra
Male Reproductive System *Overall function is the production of offspring. *Prostate gland *Ductus Deferens *Scrotum *Penis *Testis
Female Reproductive System *Overall function is to produce offspring. *Mammary glands *Ovary *Uterine Tube *Uterus *Vagina
Homeostasis The property of a system that regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable condition of properties such as temp and pH.
Negative feedback System The output shuts off the original stimuli. *Sweating and Shivering to cool body off, or heat up.
Superior Toward the head. The head is superior to the abdomen.
Inferior Away from the head. The navel is inferior to the chin.
Ventral (Anterior) Toward or at the front of the body, in front of. The breastbone is anterior to the spine.
Dorsal (posterior) Toward or at the back of, behind. The heard is posterior to the breastbone.
Medial Toward or at the midline. The heart is medial to the arm.
Lateral Away from the midline of the body. The arms are lateral to the chest.
Intermediate Between a medial and a lateral structure. The collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and the shoulder.
Proximal Closer to the origin of the point of attachment of the body part. The wrist is proximal to the fingers.
Distal Farther away from the point of origin of the body part. The fingers are distal to the wrist.
Superficial Toward or at the body surface. The skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles.
Deep The lungs are deep to the skin.
Cephalic Head
Oral Mouth
Cervical Neck
Throacic chest
Axillary armpit
Abdominal stomach
Coxal hip
Inguinal groin
Lumbar back, kidney region
Sacral Sacrum
Gluteal buttock
Pubic genital
Brachial Arm
Antebrachial Forearm
Carpal Wrist
Digital fingers
Palmer Palm
Femoral thigh
Crural leg
Popliteal back of knee
Tarsal ankle
Digital Toes
Plantar bottom of foot
Midsagittal down the middle of the body
Parasagittal off of the mid-line of the body
Transverse *horizontally from left to right. *divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
Frontal *Vertical division also called coronal plane. *divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.
Dorsal Cavity *Protects the nervous system. *Has two subdivisions Cranial and Spinal.
Cranial Cavity Encases the brain
Spinal Cavity Encloses the spinal cord.
Ventral Body Cavity *Front part of the trunk of the body *Has two subdivisions: Thoracic and Abdominopelvic.
Thoracic Cavity *Surrounded by the ribs and muscles of the chest. *Subdivided into two categories, Pleural and Mediastinum.
Pleural Cavity Two cavities, one on each side each enveloping a lung.
Mediastinum Cavity Contains the pericardial cavity which encloses the heart and also surrounds the remaining thoracic organs.
Abdominopelvic Cavity *Inferior to the thoracic cavity *Has two subdivisions, the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity.
Abdominal Cavity Contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs.
Pelvic Cavity Contains the urinary bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum.
Body Cavity Closed to the outside and provides different degrees of protection to internal organs.
The Nine Abdominal Regions *Epigastric *Rt iliac *Lt iliac *Umbilical *Rt Lumbar *Lt Lumbar *Hypogastric *Rt Hypochondriac *Lt Hypochondriac
Umbilical Region the centermost region of the abdominopelvis deep to and surrounding the bellybutton
Epigastric Region Located superior to the umbilical region.
Hypogastric Region located inferior to the umbilical region.
Rt and Lt Iliac Regions are located lateral to the hypogastric
Rt and Lt Lumbar Regions lie lateral to the umbilical region
Rt and Lt Hypochonriac Regions lie lateral to the epigastric region.
External factors that must be provided to sustain/provide life. * Nutrients * Oxygen * Water * Appropriate temp and atmospheric pressure
Feedback System Loop receptor, control center, effector
What two system helps maintain homeostasis? *Nervous System-short lived eletrical impulse *Endocrine System- slow to respond uses hormones
Hiearchy of Variables Body decides which problem is more important and then solves the most important.
Prone Lying Flat on the back
Supine Lyding face down
Created by: obryankimberly
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