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bsc111 exam 1:ch 30
j.sellers:25,26,27,28,29,30
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 important reproductive adaptations: | 1. Reduction of the gametophyte 2. Seeds became an important means of dispersing offspring a. A seed consists of a embryo along with a food supply within a protective coat. b. All seed plants are heterosporous. |
| 3 important reproductive adaptations cont'd | • heterosporous- producing two kinds of spores – Megaspores develop into females gametophytes. – Microspores develop into male gametophytes. |
| 3 important reproductive adaptations cont'd 2 | 3. Pollen eliminated the water requirement for fertilization -Pollen is carried away by wind or animals until pollination occurs (when land in the vicinity of an ovule.) |
| An ovule | consists of integuments, a megaspore, and a megasporangium. – A female gametophyte develops inside a megaspore and produces one or more egg cells. – A fertilized egg develops into a sporophyte embryo. – The whole ovule develops into a seed. |
| Gymnosperms | • Seeds lack enclosed chamber (ovaries) • Four extant phyla of gymnosperms |
| Phylum Ginkgophyta [gymnosperms] | • one extant species, Ginkgo biloba • fanlike leaves that are deciduous(unusual for gymnosperms) |
| Phylum Cycadophyta [gymnosperms] | • Cycads superficially resemble palms • Leaves are specialized for reproduction • Thrived in the Mesozoic |
| Phylum Gnetophyta [gymnosperms] | • 3 genera (all very different, grouped based on genetics) • Found in deserts (shrub) and tropics (trees or vines) |
| Phylum Coniferophyta [gymnpnosperms] | The pine tree, a sporophyte, produces its sporangia on scale-like sporophylls that are packed densely on cones. ((Each tree usually has both types of cones)) • ~600 species (evergreens, pines, cedars, redwoods) |
| Angiosperms | are vascular seed plants that produce flowers and fruits. *two main categories: monocot/Eudicot |
| Monocot [angiosperms]http://www.studystack.com/EditData2.jsp?studyStackId=1178819 | • One cotyledon • Veins usually parallel • Vascular tissue scattered |
| Eucidot [angiosperms] | • Two cotyledons • Veins usually netlike • Vascular tissue usually arranged in ring |
| flower/fruit [angiosperms] | *flower-specialized for reproduction;[sepals (under petals), petals,stamens (M parts),carpels (F parts)] *fruit-mature ovary; seeds develop from ovules after fertilization,wall of ovary thickens to form fruit,protect dormant seeds and aid in dispersal |
| Plant adaptations:Pollination/Reproduction | – Flower pollinated by honeybees (insects are major pollinators) – Flower pollinated by hummingbirds – Flower pollinated by nocturnal animals |
| Plant adaptations:Dispersal/Nutrient gathering and retention | dispersal: – Wind – Other Organisms |
Created by:
dixxfranks
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