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Metal Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| To heat and then cool, usually for softening and making the metal less brittle. It can also refer to treatments intended to alter the physical or mechanical properties to produce a definite microstructure. | Anneal |
| Made from billets and are available in many shapes and sizes, including square, round, flat, and hexagonal. | Bars |
| A process in which molten pig iron is poured into a pear shaped container already partially filled with scrap steel. Oxygen is blown down on the molten metal through a lance that enters from the top of the furnace. | Basic oxygen furnace |
| Various methods of upgrading iron ores by processing them so they can be used more efficiently in the blast furnace. | Beneficiation |
| Developed in the 1860’s, it was the first steel-making process that made steel available in thousands of tons rather than by the pound. It was the forerunner to the Basic oxygen process. | Bessemer converter |
| A raw steel form that may be square or rectangular and less than 36 square inches in cross-sectional area. They are used to make rods, bars, seamless pipe, and tube. | Billets |
| A large, cylindrical structure approximately 100 feet tall, about 30 feet in diameter at the base and tapered toward the top. It is used to produce pig iron from air, coke, limestone, and iron ore. | Blast furnace |
| A raw form of steel that may be square or rectangular and larger than 36 square inches in Cross-sectional area. They are used to make rails and structural shapes. | Blooms |
| A special insulated railroad car used to transport the molten pig iron directly from the blast furnace to the steel-making department (local transportation). | Bottle Car |
| The property of materials that will not deform under load, but tend to break suddenly. | Brittleness |
| A product made from a special grade of soft (bituminous) coal. The coal is baked at 2100 F in airtight ovens, then cooled. The coke provides the intense heat needed in the blast furnace. | Coke |
| Steel that is drawn through dies to a finished size while cold. It is identified by a smooth, bright surface. | Cold-drawn steel |
| Reducing the cross-section of a metal bar (in a rolling mill) below the recrystallization temperature- usually room temperature. | Cold rolling |
| A method of reducing the gas content where the molten metal is exposed to a vacuum. Degassing produced steels with the highest degree of structural uniformity and internal soundness. | Degassing |
| The property of a material to deform permanently, or to exhibit plasticity without rupture while under a load (in tension). | Ductility |
| The ability of a material to return to its original form after a load has been removed. | Elasticity |
| A huge container with a steel shell resembling the shape of a teakettle. The heat necessary for melting the steel is produced by an electric arc. Electric arc furnaces produce the highest quality steel. | Electric arc furnace |
| A material that absorbs or combines with the impurities and separates them from the metal being extracted. When iron ore is melted in the blast furnace, limestone acts as the flux. | Flux |
| The property that determines the depth and distortion of hardness in a material by heating and quenching. | Hardenability |
| Property of a metal to resist being permanently deformed. | Hardness |
| A single furnace load of molten steel. The term “heat” implies no specific quantity. | Heat |
| Steel that is rolled to final size while hot. It is identified by a black iron oxide scale on the surface. | Hot-rolled steel |
| The process of forming metals between rollers, where the metals are heated to temperatures above the transformation range. | Hot rolling |
| The form of the steel after it solidifies in the mold. Ingots may weigh as much as 15 tons. | Ingot |
| A mineral that varies in form from a compact solid mass to a powder. Color varies from shades of red, yellow, and purple to black. | Iron ore |
| A gray rock consisting mostly of calcium carbonate. It acts as a flux in the blast furnace. | Limestone |
| The ability of a metal to deform permanently with rupture when loaded in compression. | Malleability |
| A furnace that gets its name because the molten metal lies on the open hearth (floor) of the furnace and is heated by flames that sweep across the hearth. | Open-hearth furnace |
| The removal of impurities in steel-making furnaces at high temperatures through a burning process. | Oxidation |
| Iron from the blast furnace that is not taken to the steel-making furnace, is poured into molds and then cooled. | Pigs |
| As molten steel solidifies, it shrinks and when molten steel is poured into a mold, the metal in contact with the outer surfaces of the mold freezes (solidifies) first. A shrinkage cavity will form down through the center of the ingot. | Pipe |
| The ability of a material to be deformed without breaking. | Plasticity |
| The plant inspection of the product to assure it meets industrial standards and the customer’s specifications. | Quality control |
| A raw form of steel that is wider and flatter than billets. They are used to make plate, sheet and strip steel. | Slab |
| A holding furnace, usually slightly below ground level, where the ingots are placed after being stripped from the ingot molds. They are soaked until they reached a uniform temperature throughout. | Soaking pit |
| The process of removing most of the impurities from molten pig iron. | Steel-making |
| A flat product ¼” or more in thickness and 8” or more in width, or .180” or more in thickness when the width is more than 48”. | Steel plate |
| A flat product rolled to a thickness less than ¼” and usually less than .239”. Steel sheet cut to a width of 12” or less is called strip steel. | Steel sheet |
| The ability of a material to resist external forces. | Strength |
| A low grade iron ore containing about 30% iron. | Taconite |
| The process of pouring the molten steel into the ingot molds. | Teemed |
Created by:
welschdaniel
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