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Bio Test Ch.1-4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Scientific Method Steps? | Observation, Hypothesis, Testing hypothesis |
| control group | similar in all variables except the one being tested (placebo) |
| experimental group | given substance being tested |
| falsified hypothesis | rejected and new modified ones are set in place; capable of being proved wrong |
| theory | any hypothesis that is tested successfully again and again and is considered well supported |
| naturalistic sciences | method based on naturalistic observation rather than experiment |
| organization of living order | cell, tissue, organ, system |
| metabolism | chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for life |
| homeostasis | ability of the cell or organism to maintain a condition of equilibrium or stability within its internal environment |
| human body temp. | 37 degrees celsius |
| )normal pH of blood | 7.4 |
| any pH value below 7 | acidic (more H+) |
| pH value higher than 5 | alkaline or basic (more OH-) |
| zygote | formed by sperm and egg |
| number of chromosomes | 46 (23 from each parent) |
| 4 major groups of population | European, African, Asian, and Native Americans |
| year of DNA | 1953 |
| Charles Darwin | evolutionary biologist |
| Gregor Mendel | law of genetics biologist; laws of hereditary |
| Ernest Everett | sexual reproduction biologist |
| Barbara McClintock | genetics, Nobel Prize winner |
| deontological system | judging the rightness or wrongness of an act by characteristics of act itself |
| utilitarian system | judging an act on the basis of its consequences |
| genes | inherited traits controlled by hereditary factors; produce proteins |
| alleles | variant forms of the same gene |
| phenotype | expression of gene |
| genotype | genes present in DNA of organism |
| haploid cell | contain one complete set of genetic info. |
| diploid cell | contain two complete sets of genetic info. (homologous) |
| dominant allele | expresses itself when present in one copy |
| recessive allele | not expressed in the presence of a dominant |
| homozygous | two identical alleles of a gene |
| heterozygous | two different alleles of a gene |
| recessive disorders | CF and sickle cell |
| Mendel's Law of Segregation | during the formation of gametes (egg or sperm) the two alleles responsible for a trait separate from each other. Alleles are then recombined at fertilization, producing the genotype for the traits of the offspring |
| Law of Independent Assortment | alleles of a different gene assort independently of one another during gamete formation (mendel's first law) each gamete receives only 1 allele of each gene after segregation |
| 50% | percentage of sperm that carry x chromosome |
| SRY gene | sex determining gene in males |
| SRY protein | protein that converts progesterone into testosterone |
| homologous | chromosomes with the same gene sequence |
| centromere | narrow constriction on chromosome |
| base pairings | thymine-adenine guanine- cytosine |
| 2 hydrogen bonds | what connects base pairs |
| which is smaller, plant/animal or eukaryotic cell? | plant/animal |
| what three biologists won nobel peace prize? | watson, crick, and riggins |
| who did all the work on the double helix? | rosalynn franklin |
| gene linkage | genes carried on the same pair of chromosomes tend to be inherited together to the next generation |
| karyotype | chart of 23 pairs of chromosome (big to small in size) |
| frequency recombination | rough measure of distance between linked genes along the chromosome |
| chromosome variation | chromosomes fail to separate |
| what red blood cells lack | DNA and nucleus |
| klinefelter syndrome | XXY (sterile) 47 chromosomes |
| turner syndrome | XO (infertile) ovaries do not produce female hormone, puberty does not take place, gametes do not develop |
| XXX females | unusually tall, mental retardation |
| which chromosome is larger? | x |
| down syndrome | most common, 21st extra chromosome |
| patau syndrome | extra 13th chromosome |
| nondisjunction | failure of chromosomes to separate during cell division |
| translocation | two non homologous chrom exchange |
Created by:
cschell
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