Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
DNA Protein Mutation
DNA Protein Mutation Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the first transformation experiment? | Griffith Transformation Experiment in 1928 |
| What happened to the mouse when it was injected with R type virus? | It lived |
| What happened to the mouse when it was injected with S type virus? | It died |
| What happened to the mouse when it was injected with heated S type virus? | It lived |
| What happened to the mouse when it was injected with R type and heated S type virus? | It died |
| Who did the second experiment with bacteria and DNA? | Avery, McCarty, MacLeod |
| What did the scientists do with the enzymes for experiment 2? | They added enzymes that destroyed lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, etc. and found out that only the DNA transformed the DNA |
| Who did the third transformation experiment? | Hershey and Chase |
| What happened when the protein part of the phage was radioactive? | The phages infect bacteria with genetic material, no radioactivity enters the cell. |
| What happened when the DNA part of the phage was radioactive? | The phages infect bacteria with genetic material, and radioactivity enters the cell |
| Who discovered what DNA kind of looks like with an X-ray? What happened to her? | Rosalind Frankin, she died at 38 from cancer (radiation) |
| Who discovered the double helix of DNA? | Watson and Crick |
| What are nucleotides made of? | Phosphates, sugar (pentose), nitrogen base |
| What shape is the phosphate usually? | A circle |
| What shape is the deoxyribose usually? | A pentagon |
| What shape is the nitrogen usually? | 2 Pentagons |
| What are the four nitrogen bases in DNA? | Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine |
| In DNA which nitrogen bases form what bonds with each other? | Cytosine and Guanine Adenine and Thymine (hydrogen bonds) |
| The sequence of what carries the genetic material information of an organism? | Nitrogen bases/Nucleotides |
| What organizes the genetic material? | Histone |
| What are single ringed nitrogen bases called? | Purines |
| What are double ringed nitrogen bases called? | Pyrimidines |
| Why are DNA not exactly parallel? | They are antiparallel, opposite directions |
| What enzyme unwinds DNA? | Helicase |
| What makes the RNA primer? | RNA Polymerase/Primase |
| DNA polymerase only creates DNA in what direction? | 5'-3' |
| What attaches the Okazaki strands? | Ligase |
| What is a nuclease? | It corrects any mistakes that were made when creating DNA. |
| Where does DNA start to unwind? | Anywhere |
| What is a telomere? | It is a short segment of DNA at the end. Every time DNA is copied, the telomere becomes shorter and shorter until it is no longer there. |
| What is different with the telomere in cancer cells? | The telomere does not become shorter; extends, making cancer cell immortal |
| What are the two steps to protein synthesis? | Transcription and translation. |
| What happens in the transcription stage of protein synthesis? | It makes DNA to mRNA |
| What happens in the translation stage of protein synthesis? | It turns mRNA to protein |
| Why must DNA be turned into mRNA? | mRNA is thinner than DNA because it is a single helix, so it can go through the nuclear pore |
| What is different about DNA and RNA? | DNA lacks oxygen and Adenine matches with Uracil in RNA |
| Where is RNA oxidized? | At 2' |
| What are the three types of RNA? | mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA |
| What is the mRNA? | messenger RNA, it brings code to from nucleus to cytoplasm |
| What is the tRNA? | Transfer RNA transfers amino acid to correct spot |
| What is the rRNA? | Ribosomal RNA makes ribosomes |
| What is RNA polymerase? | Ann enzyme that makes mRNA. |
| What is the TATA box? | A sequence of DNA that repeats T-A-T-A in the beginning and tells the RNA polymerase where to attach so it can transcribe the gene |
| What is the DNA terminator? | It tells the RNA polymerase to stop. |
| What is the 5' cap? | It is a modified guanine that tells the ribosome where to attach (beginning) |
| What is the Poly-A-Tail? | It protects the mRNA as it goes through the cytoplasm. |
| What happens to the introns in the primary RNA? | They are taken out |
| What happens to the exons in the primary RNA? | They are expressed, stay |
| Which strand is longer: primary or mature? | Primary |
| What does the nuclease do during mRNA processing? | It cuts the DNA/RNA (introns) and puts exons together |
| What are codons? | Three bases, they code for amino acids |
| How many codons are there? | 64 |
| Describe the structure of tRNA. | One side is attached to an amino acid while the opposite side has an anticodon to match up with a codon |
| What happens at the P site in a ribosome? | |
| What happens at the A site in a ribosome? | tRNA/amino acids are added |
| What happens at the E site in a ribosome? | The RNA exits |
| Which codon ALWAYS starts RNA? | AUG |
| Why do proteins fold? | They contain hydrophobic and philic parts. The hydrophobic parts go together and the hydrophilic parts go together. The hydrophobic parts go inside and the hydrophilic parts fo on the outside. |
| Which cells regulate genes? | Every cell. |
| What is the primary stage of protein folding? | The sequence of amino acid residues in the polypeptide |
| What is the secondary stage of protein folding? | Alpha helix or beta pleated sheet |
| What is the tertiary stage of protein folding? | More complex folding in 3D |
| What is the quaternary stage of protein folding? | the 3D arrangement of subunits in a protein that comprises more than one peptide chain |
| What is an operon? | It regulates genes (turns them off or on) |
| What does the trp Operon do? | It is normally on and it synthesizes enzymes that make tryptophan |
| What does the regulator gene produce? | The repressor |
| What binds with the promoter/TATA Box? | RNA Polymerase |
| What binds with the operator? | The repressor |
| What is the operator most like? | A light switch |
| What happens to the repressor when trp is present? | The regulator produces a repressor that binds to trp and then to the operator region of the gene and blocks RNA polymerase |
| What is a lac Operon? | It is normally off |
| What happens to the repressor when there is lactose? | Lactose will bind to the repressor and inactivate it which allows RNA polymerase to being the process of making the 3 enzymes needed for lactose digestion |
| What happens when there is not lactose? | No need to make lactase to break down lactose |
| What happens when there is glucose present but no lactose? | There would be low AMP, so the repressor would not bind with the RNA. |
| What happens when there is glucose present and lactose? | When glucose is present, cyclic AMP is low because AMP ADP ATP. The cell still can produce lactase. |
| What happens there is no glucose present and lactose is present? | When there’s no glucose, cAMP is high, it binds to the DNA allowing the RNA polymerase to readily bind to the promoter and make the maximum amount of lactase |
| What is a mutation? | Any change in DNA |
| What is a mutagen? | Things that cause mutations |
| What are examples of mutagens? | Radioactivity, smoking, charred stuff, sun rays, anything that causes cancer. |
| What are the types of mutations? | Chromosomal and gene |
| What is a chromosomal mutation? | The chromosomes are effected |
| What is a gene mutation? | The gene is affected (small band) |
| In what process does nondisjunction occur? | Meiosis |
| What is nondisjunction? | Improper splitting of homologous chromosomes |
| What is a polyploid? | An extra set od DNA in an organism (animal dies from this) |
| What happens during chromosomal deletion? | A portion of the chromosome is delete |
| What happens during chromosomal duplication? | A portion of the chromosome is duplicated |
| What happens during chromosomal inversion? | A portion of the chromosome is rearranged |
| What happens during chromosomal translocation? | A piece of one chromosomes switches with another. |
| What is point mutation/base substitution? | Substitue one base for another (may change one amino acid) |
| What is sickle cell anemia? | Normal red blood cells = donuts SCA = Half donut |
| What is base deletion? | When a base is deleted. Everything gets messed up |
| What is base insertion? | Inserting a base, everything gets messed up |
| Why is it bad that DNA gets messed up? | DNA messed up => RNA messed up => Protein messed up |
| Which chromosome determines a male? | Y |
| Which chromosome determines a female? | 2 X |
Created by:
324
Popular Biology sets