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Bio- chapter 13

Vocab

QuestionAnswer
Nucleic acid that consists of a long chain of nucleotides RNA
carry information from DNA to other parts of the cell Messenger RNA
small organelles composed of two subunits, proteins are assembled on this Ribosomal RNA
carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message Transfer RNA
segments of DNA serve as templates to produce complementary RNA molecules Transcription
binds to DNA during transcription and seperates the DNA strands RNA ploymerase
regions of DNA that have specific base sequences promoters
portions that are cut out and discarded intron
spliced back together to form the final mRNA exon
proteins are made by joining amino acids together into long chains, call... polypeptides
the sequence of bases that serves as the "language" of life genetic code
the three consecutive bases that specify a single amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain codon
the decoding of an mRNA message into a protein translation
a sequence of three bases on a tRNA molecule that is complemntary to a sequence of bases on an mRNA molecule anticodon
how genetic information is put into action in a living cell gene expression
a heritable change in genetic information mutation
gene mutations that involve changes in one or a few nucleotides are known as....bc they occur at a single point in the DMA sequence point mutation
shifts "Reading frame" by inserting or deleting a nucleotide frameshift mutation
chemical or physical agents in the environment mutagen
condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes polyploidy
group of genes that are regulated together operon
region of chromosome in an operon to which the repressor binds when the operon is "turned off" operator
blocking gene expression by means of an miRNA silencing complex is known as.... RNA interference
process in which cells become specialized in structure and function differentiation
regulates organs that develop in specific parts of the body homeotic genes
code for transcription factors, proteins that bind to DNA, and also regulate the expression of other genes homeobox genes
group of homeotic genes clustered together that determine the head to tail identity of body parts of animals, and contains the homeobox DNA sequence hox gene
Created by: 103306062
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