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toxicology
toxicology uct
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Malignant Tumors | Invade surrounding tissue and spreads from site of origin to everywhere else in the body |
Mutagen | Chemical that has the ability to change/damage genetic material |
Mutagencicity | Tendency for genetic mutations to occur |
Mutation | Changes in the genetic information of a living cell that can be transmitted to offspring and reproduce in the future generations |
NOAEL | Dose that produces no harmful effect |
Pesticides | Chemicals used to kill pests such as insects, weeds, and other toxic substances |
Physical Properties | Refer to the apperance of a substance and all its behaviors |
Physical States | solid, liquid, gas |
Potentiation | One substance increases the effect of another substance causing an effect that it would not have had by itself |
PPM | Parts per million |
PPB | Parts per billion |
Risk Assessment | Scientific principles are used to determine the level of risk that actually exists |
Risk Characterization | Involves determining a numerical risk factor |
Risk Management | Societys decision on how to minimize or control a risk |
Safety Factors | The amount below the set safe amount that a substance has to be at |
Sensitizers | Prone to initiate allergic responses |
Solid | has a specific shape and volume |
Solubility | The ability for a substance to dissolve in another substance |
Synergism | An interation of two or more chemicals where their total effect is greater than the sum of individual effects |
Systemic Effect | Cause damage that enters the blood stream and cause damage by spreading to different parts of the body |
TC50 | Toxic concentration 50 percent |
Teratogen | Agent that causes abnormal development of an unborn child |
Teratogencity | Tendency for specfic interference with development of an unborn child |
Toxic | Dangerous to the well being of something |
Toxicology | The study of poisons |
Toxin | Poisons produced by living organisms |
Volatile | A measure of the tendency of a substance to vaporize |
Absorption | in toxicology, the ability of a chemical to find its way into the bloodstream. |
Accumulation | the build-up of dangerous chemicals in the body due to repeated exposures |
Acute Toxicity | a short term exposure that causes effects felt at the time of exposure or shortly after |
Additive Effect | the combined effect of two or more chemicals is equal to the sum of the effect of each agent alone |
Air Contaminant | any particular matter,gas, or combination, other than water vapor or natural air |
Antaonism | this is a subtractive effect, where one substance interferes with the action of another |
Benign Tumors | well-defined tumors that do not tend to invade surrounding tissue or spread to additionsl distant locations in the body. |
Cancer | a disease charactrized by the unregulated overgrowth of cells |
Carcinogen | an agent that can cause cancer |
Carcinogenicity | the tendency for cancer to occur |
Chemical Properties | a unique set of characteristics that describes how the subsance reacts with other substances |
Chemical Substances | any organic or inoranic substance of a particular molecular idenity. |
Chronic Toxicity | a long-term exposure causeing effects that appear after months or years of exposure |
Container | any portable device in which material is stored, transported, treated, disposed of, or otherwise handled |
Dose | refers to the actual amount of chemical that enters and reacts with body systems |
Dose- Response Relaionship | describe the relationship between known exposure levels and the appearance of toxic effects in exposed populations |
Epidemiology | the feild of science dealing with the study of disease occurrence in human populations |
Exposure | the amount of toxic chemical our body comes into contact wih in the air we breath, the food we eat, or our skin |
Exposure Assessment | involves estimating th dosage of contaminants recieved by exposed populations. |
Gas | one of the three states of mater. gases are characterized as having both an indefinite shape and volume |
Hazard Evaluation | one of the four steps in risk assessment, this step involves collecting and evaluating information about the toxic properties or contaminants |
Interaction | the reaction between the toxicant and other chemicals that may combine with or alter its behavior |
Latency Period | the delay between the beginning of exposure and the esultant harmful effect (s) |
LC50 | lethal concentration 50 per cent is the equivalent of LD5, but for toxicity from inhalation |
LD50 | lethal dose 50 is a common way to reort dose-response results |
Liquid | one of the three states of matter. liquids ae characterized as having a definite volume, but an indefinite shape |
loael | for a particular substance, the lowest amount of the substance that causes a harmful effect |
Local Effect | the effect of a toxicant focus at the point where it first comes into contact with the body |