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DOL Test 1
Life, Evolution, Protista, Bacteria, and Archaea
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is life? | Order, sensitivity, growth, development, regulation, reproduction, homeostasis, and heredity. |
| Stage 1 of the hypothesis for origin of life | The abiotic synthesis of organic monomers |
| Stage 2 of the hypothesis for origin of life | Abiotic synethsis of polymers |
| Stage 3 of the hypothesis for origin of life | Formation of pre-cells |
| Stage 4 of the hypothesis for origin of life | origin of self-replacing molecules |
| What is a prokaryotic cell? | Small and simple. DNA concentrated in nucleoid region. Lacks most organelles |
| What is a eukaryotic cell? | Large and complex. nucleus. has many organelles |
| How did the eukaryotic cell originate? | membrane infolding and endosymbiosis |
| What are 5 important evidences that support evolution? | Fossil record, continental drift, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, and molecular biology |
| What is natural selection? | Process where organisms with certain traits are more likely to survive than organisms who do not have those traits. |
| What is darwin's theory of natural selection? | Excessive numbers of offspring produced. individuals vary among a population. |
| What are 3 key points of evolution? | Individuals do not evolve. Natural selection only affects heritable traits. evolution does not have a final goal in mind. |
| Temporal Isolation | Species mate at different times. |
| Habitat Isolation | Species from different habitat |
| Behavioral Isolation | Specific mating behavior |
| Mechanical Isolation | Genital openings cannot align |
| Gametic Isolation | Sex cells cannot fuse |
| Reduced hybrid viability | Offspring is frail |
| Reduced hybrid fertility | Offspring is sterile |
| Hybrid breakdown | Sterile hybrid |
| What four ways does evolution cause change in allele frequencies? | Mutations, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection |
| What are three outcomes of natural selection? | Directional selection, disruptive selection,, and stabilizing selection. |
| Directional selection | favors extreme end |
| Disruptive selection | two contrasting phenotypes |
| Stabilizing selection | reduces variation |
| 2 major themes in biology resulting in evolution | adaption and diversity |
| Homoplasy | a shared state non inherited from a common ancestor |
| Principle of parsimony | the fewer evolutionary events is the best hypothesis |
| monophyletic | most recent common ancestors and all of its descendents |
| paraphyletic | most recent common ancestors and some of its descendents |
| polyphyletic | does not contain the most recent common ancestors of the group |
| Linnaean hierarchy | kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species |
| six kingdoms | bacteria, archaea, protista, plantae, fungi, and animalia |
| Some shapes of bacteria | cocci, bacilli, and spirochetes |
| Chemoheterotrophs | obtain nutrients from other sources |
| Photoautotrophs | obtain energy from sunlight |
| photoheterotrophs | obtain energy from sunlight but dependent |
| Diplomonads | unicellular, flagella, no mitochondria, 2 nuclei, causes diarrhea, and in contaminated water. |
| Parabascilias | flagella, no mitochondria, std's, and digest cellulose in termites gut |
| euglenozoa | mitochondira, autotroph and heterotroph, asexual, stigma, and reservoir |
| kinetoplastids | mitochondria, parasites, african sleeping sickness, tsetse fly |
| alveolata | dinoflagellates, apicomplexans,and ciliates |
| dinoflagellates | 2 flagella, photosynthetic, protective plates of cellulose, asexual, and red tides. |
| apicomplexans | apical complex, parasites, malaria, cat feces |
| ciliates | cilia, micronucleus, macronucleus. |
| Stramenopila | brown algae and diatoms |
| brown algae | plant-like |
| diatoms | unicellula, silica, raphe |
| rhodophyta | red algae |
| red algae | photosynthetic, used in sushi rolls |
| choanoflagellida | choanoflagellates |
| choanoflagellates | sponge relative, flagella, feed on bacteria out of water |
| amoebas | pseudopods |
| slime molds | live in leaf litter, cytoplasm, move like slug |
| viruses | nucleic acid core, protein, DNA or RNA, nonliving, enzymes, and proteins. |
| shapes of viruses | cosahedral |
| reproduction of viruses | entering other cells |
| bacteriophages | bacterial host, diverse, lytic no lysogenic cycle |
| lytic cycle | attachment, penetration, synthesis, assembly, and release |
| lysogenic cycle | integration, propagaiton, induction |
| HIV | targets and kills CD4+ immunity cells. requires CCR5 |
Created by:
bella_b893
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