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Chapter 19 Vocab Kat

Chapter 19 Vocab for Earth Science

QuestionAnswer
The total force acting on crustal rocks per unit of area. Stress
The deformation of materials in response to stress. Strain
When a material is compressed, bent, or stretched. Elastic deformation
Produces permanent deformation that builds up past a certain point and material stays deformed. Plastic deformation
Any fracture or system of fractures along which Earth moves. Fault
The vibrations of the ground produced during an earthquake. Seismic waves
Waves that squeeze and push rocks in the direction along which the waves are traveling. Primary waves
Waves that cause rocks to move at right angles in relation to the direction of the waves. Secondary waves
The point where the waves originate. Focus
The point on Earth's surface directly above the focus. Epicenter
Instrument used to measure horizontal or vertical motion during an earthquake. Seismometer
Record produced my a seismometer that can provide individual tracking of each type of seismic wave. Seismogram
A numerical rating system that measures the energy of the largest seismic waves. Richter scale
The energy of the seismic waves. Magnitude
The height of seismic waves. Amplitude
A rating scale that measures the energy released by an earthquake, taking into account the size of the fault rupture, the amount of movement along the fault, and the rocks' stiffness. Moment magnitude scale
Rates the types of damage and other effects of an earthquake as noted by observers during and after its occurrence. Modified Mercalli scale
Process associated with seismic vibrations that occur in areas of sand that is nearly saturated; resulting in the ground behaving like a liquid. Soil liquefaction
A large ocean wave generated by vertical motions on the seafloor during an earthquake. Tsunami
Sections located along faults that are known to be active, but which have not experienced significant earthquakes for a long period of time. Seismic gaps.
Created by: Katelyn Whitlock
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