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Ch10.
airway
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _________is commonly referred to as ventilation or breathing. | respiration |
| name the 4 components in respiration | pulmanary, external , internal and cellular |
| the most common causes of airway obstruction in a altered mental status is | the tongue |
| _________ is a mechanical process of moving air in and out of lungs | pulmonary ventilation |
| ____________ gas exchange process that occurs between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries | external respiration |
| ____________gas exchange process occurs between the cells and the systemic capillaries | internal respiration |
| __________ (aerobic metabolism) occurs in the cell | cellular respiration |
| name the two passage ways at the end of the pharynx | trachea and esophagus |
| the upper airway consest of | nose and mouth pharynx epiglottis larynax |
| lower airway consets of | trachea bronchi and broncioles lungs and diaphragm |
| durning breathing the diaphragm and intercostal muscles_________ | contract |
| the diaphram moves _______ the intercostal muscles move_______ and _____ durning inhalation | down, up and out |
| the diaphram moves ______ and the intercostal muscles________ causing exhalation | up, relax |
| chemoreceptors continuously monitor levels of ________, carbon dioxide, and _____ in the arterial blood | oxygen Ph |
| DRG stands for | dorsal respirtory group |
| VRG stands for | ventral respiratory group |
| healthy people breathe on a _______ drive | hypercarbic |
| the chemoreceptors become insensitve to carbon dixoide in what kind of respirtory disease. HINT: hypoxic drive | COPD |
| _______ is the process by which the blood and the cells become saturated with o2 | oxygenation |
| an inadequate amount of oxygen being delivered to the cells is called | hypoxia |
| name at least 5 signs of mild to moderate hypoxia | tachypenea dyspnea pale cool clammy skin tachycardia elevation in BP restlessness/agitaion confusion headache |
| Name at least 5 signs of severe hypoxia | tachypena dyspnea cyanosis tachy-disrhymias confusion loss of coordinaiton sleepy head bobs slow reaction time altered mental status |
| In newborns a sign of early hypoxia is | bradycardia |
| Where do you look on the body for signs of hypoxia, (cyanosis) | lips, mouth, nose, fingernail beds, conjunctiva and oral mucosa |
| ventlation on a child it is best to _______ under the neck. | pad |
| ________ narrowest porthion of the upper airway in a child less then 10 | cricoid catilage |
| _______ is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children | hypoxia |
| ________ occurs when the upper airway is partially obstructed by the tongue or relaxed tissues in the pharynx.HINT: a sound | snoring |
| To aviod potential spinal cord damage in a Pt. with suspected spinal injuries how would open the airway | jaw-thrust maneuver |
| Do not suction longer then | 15secs |
| ______ is a sound like a crow cawing, caused by narrowing of the opening in the trachea and the spasming of the larynax | crowing |
| _________ _________ is defined as the air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation | residual volume |
| __________ is a semicirular device or hard plastic hold the tongye away from the back of the airway | oropharyngeal airway |
| Signs of inadequate breathing: | rate rhythm quality and depth |
| slow breathing is called | bradypena |
| fast breathing is called | tachypena |
| adequate resp + adequate tidal vol = | adequate breathing |
| inadequate resp + adequate tidal vol= | inadequate breathing |
| What are the 3 mainconsideration when using a device for artifical ventilaiton | good mask seal must deliver adequate volume to inflate the lungs must have a connect for simultaneous o2 delivery |
| Children and infants ventilate at | 12-20 per min @ 3sec |
| adults with a pulse ventialte at | 10-12 per min or every 6 sec |
| rate of ventilation in a newborn w/pulse is | 40-60 per min |
| a ______ is a surgical opening in the front of the neck that may be permentant or temporary | stoma |
| _________ _______ is a curved hollow tube made of rubber, plastic, or metal - inserteded into the stoma to keep it open | tracheostomy tube |
| aviod the use of a _________ airway in a case with blunt mild-face trauma | nasopharyngeal |
| TRUE or FALSE: Oxygen is a drug | true |
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