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Micro Review 1

Microbiology Review 2-1-2013

QuestionAnswer
How is bacteria identified? (4 ways) Physical Characteristics, Biochemical Tests, Serological Tests, Nucleic Acid Analysis
What are endotoxins? A metabolic poison, produced chiefly by gram-negative bacteria, that are part of the bacterial cell wall and consequently are release on cell disintegration; composed of lipid-polysaccharide-peptide complexes.
What are exotoxins? A bacterial metabolic poison composed of protein that is released to the environment; in the human body, it can affect various organs and systems.
How do viruses replicate? (6 steps) 1. attachment - very specific 2. penetration - injects lysosome to break cell wall 3. injects DNA or RNA 4. biosynthesis - makes genome and capsid 5. maturation - assembling particles together 6. release - cell lysis
What conditions affect bacterial growth? 1.Oxygen levels 2.Osmotic conditions 3.pH level
What are the stages of infection? (5 stages) 1.incubation - no symptoms 2.prodromal - minor symptoms 3.acute - very sick 4.decline - symptoms going away, feeling weak 5.convalescence
What enzymes enhance virulence?
How do antibiotics work?
What are the broad spectrum drugs?
What are the narrow spectrum drugs?
What is an antiseptic?
What is a disinfectant?
What is the purpose of the pili? - Conjugation (mating) - Adherance
What is the flagella used for? Motility
What does the mitochondria do? Cellular respiration (makes energy)
What are ribosomes for? Protein Synthesis
What do lysosomes do? Eat dead cell matter
What is the proper nomenclature for naming microorganisms? genus-species-strain
What is homeostasis?
What are the bacterial of the bacterial growth curve? 1.lag - getting used to the enviroment 2.log - growing and procreating 3.stationary - half dead half alive - waste of dead cell accumulating 4.decline - dying due to lack of nutrients
Created by: iAshee
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