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Botany Exam1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Proteinoids | Proteins aggregated into cell-like bodies in water. (Sidney W. Fox Research) |
| Heterotrophs | Organism dependent on outside source of organic molecules for its energy. |
| Autotrophs | Organism that are able to make their own energy-rich molecules out of simple inorganic molecules. |
| Biosphere | Living world and its environment. Came to existence after the apparition of autotrophs. |
| SPONCH | Element making up 99% of all living matter |
| Roots | anchor the plant in the ground and collect the water required for the maintenance of the plants body and for photosynthesis. |
| Stem | Provides support for the principal photosynthesis organs (leaves) |
| Leaves | Principal photosynthesis organs. |
| Cuticle | Covering the epidermis of aboveground portions of the plant, it help retard water loss and prevent exchange of gases with the surrounding air which is necessary for photosynthesis and respiration. Its a layer of wax embedded in cutin. |
| Stomata (Stoma) | Found in the epidermis (guard cells), they open and close in response to environmental and physiological signals thus helping the plant maintain a balance between its water loses and its O & C requirement. |
| Annuals | Plants with life span of one year. They have photosynthetic stem. |
| Perennials | Stem can develop "cork" that helps retard water loss. |
| Vascular System | a conducting system composed of Xylem and phloem. |
| Xylem | Helps in water transportation in the plant. Also conducts minerals, its derived from procambrium in primary plant body and vascular cambium in secondary growth. |
| Phloem | Helps in nutrient transportation from the leaves and other photosynthetic parts, to the rest of the plants. |
| Meristems | Embryonic tissue regions capable of adding cells indefinitely to the plant body. |
| Apical meristem | at the tips of plants roots and shoots. They are the areas of plants body's extension. |
| Primary Growth | Type of growth originated from apical meristem. (longitudinal, upward and downward) |
| Secondary Growth | Type of growth originated from 2 lateral meristems, sideways growth. ( like the cork and the vascular cambium) |
| plant physiology | Is the study of how plants functions |
| Plant morphology | is the study of the form of plants |
| Plant anatomy | is the study of internal structures of plants |
| Plant taxonomy | is the study of naming, classifying and relationships of plants |
| ethnobotany | Is the study of uses of plants for medical and other purposes by indigenous people |
| paleobotany | Is the study of biology and evolution of fossil plants |
| Molecules that make up most of the dry weight of living organism | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and nucleic acids |
| Carbohydrates | molecules serving for energy storage and structural components |
| Glucose | Primary source of energy for plants |
| Starch | Primary storage polysaccharide in plants. |
| Fructans | principal storage polysaccharide in leaves and stems. |
| what plants make sugar table? | Sugarbeets (enlarged roots) and sugar cane (stems) |
| Cellulose | Primary component of cell wall |
| Lipids | Energy storage and structure. they are generally hydrophobic. |
| Phospholipids | Molecules that play an important role in cellular membranes. |
| Steroids | Structurally important in cell membranes. Also function as hormones |
| Middle lamina | located between the cell walls of two touching cells |
| Tonoplast | The membrane surrounding the vacuole |
| Plastids | component of plants cells that are concerned with processes such as photosynthesis and storage. have their own Genome |
| Bulk flow | movement from high potential to low potential |
| Embryogenesis | Process of formation of the embryo |
| Endosperm | Helps food in food storage for the seed. |
| Seed coat | outer coat of seeds which develops from the integuments of the ovule and provides protection for the enclosed embryo. |
| Hilum | Scar leff on the seed coat after detachment from the stalk. |
| Environmental Factors of Germination | Temperature, water, Oxygen. |
| Dormant seed | seeds unable to germinate, even under favorable external condition |
| Taproot(primary root) | The first structure coming out of the seed to help anchor it to the ground. |
| Lateral roots | Developing branches on the primary root |
| Epigeous | The cotyledon germinates above ground |
| Hypogeous | The cotyledon germinates under ground. |
| Plumule | Bud of young plant giving rise to first leaves. |
| Initial | Growth cells that divide in such a way that one cell remains meristem while the other differentiate. |
| Development | Constitutes of growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation. |
| Morphogenesis | The process in which a plants assumes a particular shape or form. |
| Competency | The ability of a cell to develop in response to a specific signal |
| Determination | progressive commitment to a specific course of development that brings about a weakening or loss of capacity to the resume growth. |
| Three type of tissue system | Dermal, ground, and vascular. |
| Ground Tissue | Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. |
| Transfer cells | Parenchyma cells with wall ingrowth. they are associated with xylem and phloem. |
| Vascular tissue | Xylem and phloem |
| Xylem | Composed of Tracheary elements: Tracheids and vessels element. |
| Peforations | area lacking primary and secondary walls, found in vessels element. |
| Tracheid | Chief water conducting element in gymnosperms and seedless vascular plants. also found in the angiosperm. They are eleongated and dead when functional |
| Vessel Element | Chief water conducting in angiosperm. elongated , contrains pits and perforations, dead when functional. |
| Phloem | Sieve cell, Albuminous cell, Sieve tube element, and companion cell. |
| Sieve cell | Food conductin element in gymnosperm, elongated shape, primary cell wall in most species, living at maturity. |
| Albuminous Cell | play a role in delivery of substances to the sieve cell, including informational molecule. |
| Sieve-Tube element | Food conducting element in angiosperm, elongated, primary cell wall, living at maturity. |
| companion cell |
Created by:
Jylkasonga
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