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med immunology 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The interaction between antigen and antibody may result in 3 consequences. If the Ag is soluble, what will happen?> | precipitation |
| The interaction between antigen and antibody may result in 3 consequences. If the Ag is insoluble or particulate, what will happen? | agglutination |
| The interaction between antigen and antibody may result in 3 consequences. What can it activate? | complement |
| _________ causes agglutination which is essential for effective Ag-Ab interaction. | Cross linking |
| Cross linking is possible only if Ag is _________, and Ab is ________. | multivalent, divalent |
| If the antigen has one type of epitope and can react with one type of antibody, it is called __________ | unideterminant |
| If the antigen has several types of epitopes and can react with several types of antibodies, it is called __________ | multideterminant |
| What force causes antigen-antibody interaction? | hydrophobic forces, electrostatic forces and Vander Waals forces |
| ____________ is a measure of the overall affinity of interaction between Ag-Ab and is the sum of forward and reverse reaction between Ag and Ab. | Association constant (K) |
| What is forward reaction? | association between Ag and Ab |
| What is reverse reaction? | dissociation between Ag and Ab |
| _________ defines the force of interaction between a specific antigen to a specific antibody. | affinity |
| _________ defines the overall binding energy and tendency of different isotypes/classes of antibodies to antigens | avidity |
| The highest dilution of Ab that can bind to particulate Ag and cause agglutination is called ________. Below ______, the agglutination cannot happen. | Titer |
| _________ is the situation where there is excessive concentration of antibody is present in the serum which causes the failure of agglutination to occur because the unbound antibodies interfere with agglutination | Prozone |
| What is called the electrical charge which particulate antigens sometimes have? | Zeta potential |
| ________ can interfere with smaller antibodies to bind antigens which carry ________. | Zeta potential |
| This method uses antibodies from a different species for anti-antibodies to detect the presence of autoantibodies such as those on the surface of RBCs that cause autoimmune disorders. | Coombs Test |
| This type of Cooms test measures the antibody that has already bound antigen. | Direct method |
| This type of Cooms test measures the unbound serum antibody. | Indirect method |
| If there is excessive soluble antigen in the test along with particulate antigen, what will happen? | agglutination inhibiton because antibody has more avidity to soluble antigen. |
| When antibody binds soluble antigen, what will happen? | precipitation reaction |
| Maximal precipitation occurs when there is ________ concentration of antigen and antibody present. This condition is called _________. | optimal, equivalence zone |
| The mechanism of Ag-Ab reaction on semi solid media such as agar is based on __________. | diffusion |
| The higher the concentration of reactants (Ag-Ab), the ________ is the rate of diffusion and stronger __________. | faster, precipitin line |
| _________ is produced when antigens diffused on antibody pregnated agar. | precipitation line |
| This methods is another gel based test that produce precipitation ring.This is similar to Kirby-Bauer test. It can detect optimal concentration for interaction. | radial immunodiffusion |
| This is a novel technique that use agarose or polyacrylamide gel to separate various antigens in a mixture under the force of electricity and based on the concept of diffusion. | Immunoelectrophoresis |
| This method is based on immunoelectrophoresis and use a nitrocellulose sheet.This is excellent method to detect for the presence HIV antibody in a patient. | Western Blot |
| This test uses a solid medium such as plastic or polystyrene. | solid phase immunoassay |
| This test uses antigen pregnated wells. Antibodies are added, then enzyme-labeled anti-antibodies are added to detect the antigen presence. | ELISA |
| What are called that are genetically identical and homogenous antibodies which are derived from the same plasma cell. | Monoclonal antibodies |
| monoclonal antibodies are produced by cloning of ___________. | B-cell hybridomas |
| Microarrays can detect ____________. | genetic abnormalities |
| Micorarray chip contains thousands of small _________ fragments of oligonucleotids or as big as 500-5000bp pairs long. | cDNA |
Created by:
hiroko lucky2
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