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Bio Bases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Neuron Doctrine | 1) brain composed of independent cells 2) information transmitted from cell to cell across synapses |
| Glial Cells | provide support for neurons |
| Neurons | most important part of nervous system |
| Oligodendrocytes | Glial cells that form myelin sheath in brain and spinal cord |
| Schwann Cells | provide myelin to cells outside brain and spinal cord |
| Astrocyte | type of glial cell that transports water and salts from capillaries |
| Microgila | remove cell debris, wastes, and pathogens |
| Divisions of autonomic nervous system | 1) Sympathetic Nervous System 2) Parasympathetic Nervous System 3) Enteric Nervous System |
| Cranial Nerve I | Olfactory; sensory nerve; smell |
| Cranial Nerve II | Optic; motor nerve |
| Cranial Nerve III | Oculomotor; motor nerve; muscle that moves eye |
| Cranial Nerve IV | Trochlear; motor nerve; muscle that moves eye |
| Cranial Nerve V | Trigeminal; sensory nerve |
| Cranial Nerve VI | Abducens; motor nerve; muscle that moves eye |
| Cranial Nerve VII | Facial; sensory & motor nerve |
| Cranial Nerve VIII | Vestibulocochlear; sensory nerve |
| Cranial Nerve IX | Glossopharyngeal; sensory & motor nerve |
| Cranial Nerve X | Vagus; sensory & motor nerve |
| Cranial Nerve XI | Spinal Accessory; motor nerve |
| Cranial Nerve XII | Hypoglossal; motor nerve |
| Four Sections of Spinal Cord | 1) Cervical 2) Thoracic 3) Lumbar 4) Sacral |
| Sympathetic neurons produce | Norepinephrine |
| Parasympathetic neurons produce | Acetylcholine |
| White Matter | consists mostly of axons with white myelin sheaths |
| Gray Matter | contains more cell bodies and dendrites |
| Medial | towards the middle |
| Lateral | towards the side |
| Ipsilateral | same side |
| Contralateral | opposite side |
| Anterior/Rostral | head end |
| Posterior/Caudal | tail end |
| Proximal | near the center |
| Distal | toward the periphery |
| Dorsal | toward the back |
| Ventral | toward the belly/front |
| Afferent | carries info into a region of interest |
| Efferent | carries info away from a region of interest |
| Sagittal orientation | back to front plane (cut) |
| Coronal orientation | side to side plane (cut) |
| Limbic system | includes: hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, cingulate gyrus, hypothalamus, mamillary bodies, olfactory bulb |
| Amygdala | part of limbic system; emotional regulation and perception of odor |
| Hippocampus | part of limbic system; learning |
| Cingulate gyrus | part of limbic system; attention |
| Olfactory bulb | part of limbic system; sense of smell |
| Thalamus | part of limbic system; cluster of nuclei that relay sensory info; found in diencephlon |
| Hypothalamus | part of limbic system; contains nuclei with many functions, controls pituitary; found in diencephalon |
| Pyramidal cells | most prominent neurons in cerebral cortex |
| Meniges | three layers of protective membranes surrounding brain and spinal cord (dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid membrane) |
| Dura mater | layer of protective membrane surrounding brain and spinal cord; tough outermost layer |
| Pia mater | layer of protective membrane surrounding brain and spinal cord; delicate innermost layer |
| Arachnoid membrane | layer of protective membrane surrounding brain and spinal cord; lies between other two layers, filled with cerebrospinal fluid |
| Two forces driving ion movement | 1) diffusion 2) electrostatic pressure |
| Cerebral Ventricles |
Created by:
gabrielleapoon
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