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med immunology 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is other name of antibody? | immunoglobulins |
| antibody is consisted of 4 ________, 2 of which are _______ and 2 of which are _______. | polypeptide chains, heavy chains, light chains |
| antibody contains 2 identical fragments called ________ with ends that bind to specific antigen. | Fab (hyper variable region) |
| ________ binds to various cells and molecules of the immune system such as the complement system, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils and lymphocytes. | Fc fragment (constant region) |
| List 5 function of antibody | activation of complement, stimulation of inflammation, neutralization of pathogens, opsonization, agglutination |
| For the function of neutralization of pathogens, antibody fills the surface of ________ on a virus or the _______ on a microbial enzyme to prevent it from attaching. | receptors, active site |
| __________ are a special type of antibodies that neutralize a bacterial exotoxin. | antitoxins |
| _______________ is the process of coating microorganisms or other particles with specific antibodies so they are more readily recognized by phagocytes. | opsonization |
| _______________ is antibody aggregation; cross-linking pathogens or particles into large clumps | agglutination |
| Among 5 classes of antibodies, which are free floating antibodies? | IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE |
| Among 5 classes of antibodies, which are not free floating antibodies? | IgD |
| Among 5 classes of antibodies, which is B-cell receptor? | IgD |
| Among 5 classes of antibodies, which has a function of agglutination and neutralization and found in mucous membrane secretions including milk? | IgA |
| Among 5 classes of antibodies, which triggers release of histamines from basophils and mast cells and found in serum, mast cell surfaces? | IgE |
| Among 5 classes of antibodies, which induces complement activation, agglutination, opsonization, and neutralization and crosses placenta to protect fetus? It is found in serum or intercelluar fluid. | IgG |
| Among 5 classes of antibodies, which induces complement activation, agglutination, and neutralization and takes its form in pentamer and found in serum? | IgM |
| ________ is an antibody that remains associated with the cytoplasmic membrane of a B-cell. | BCR |
| Each B lymphocyte has multiple copies of a single type of ________. | BCR |
| Each BCR is complementary to ______ __________. | only one antigenic determinant |
| Body "edits" lymphocytes to eliminate any self-reactive cells to prevent antibody attacking normal self antigen. This is called __________. | clonal deletion |
| ___________ make up the majority of cells produced during B cell proliferation and secrete only antibody molecules complementary to the specific antigenic determinant. They are short-lived cells, but their antibodies and progeny can persist. | Plasma cells |
| Each plasma cell secretes only antibody molecules complementary to the specific antigenic determinant, which is achieved by a precise genetic mechanism known as _____________. | clonal selection |
| Lymphocytes use 500 genes to produce a tremendous variety of specific receptors while cloning. This theory is called | clonal selection theory |
| ____________ are produced by B cell proliferation and do not secrete antibodies. They are long-lived and available for secondary(anamnestic)response. | memory B-cell |
| What is called the response after first exposure to an antigen? | primary response |
| the highest dilution of Ab that can bind to particulate Ag and cause agglutination is called _______. | Titer |
| At primary response, immune system produces ________ and a gradual increase in titer with the production of _________. | IgM, IgG |
| What is called the response after second contact with the same antigen? | secondary response(anamnestic response) |
| At secondary response, immune system produces a more rapid, stronger response by ________ due to memory cells. | IgG |
| what is called that antibodies with genetic differences in the constant regions of their heavy and light chains of same class? | allotype |
| What is called that antibodies with genetic differences in the variable regions of their heavy and light chains of same class of antibody? | idiotype |
| Which antibody determines ABO blood groups? | IgM |
| Which antibody determines Rh blood groups? | IgG |
| Which antibody difference between mother and fetus can lead to HDN, and why? | IgG. Because IgG is monomer and can cross placenta while IgM cannot cross placenta. |
| IgM is an ____________ which occur naturally in the body and react against incompatible RBC antigens. | isohemagglutinin |
Created by:
hiroko lucky2
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