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Chapter 11 and 12

QuestionAnswer
What is gene technology? The manipulation of an organisms DNA to produce an organsim or a product that can be made used of in some way.
What is a genome? The complete DNA of an organism, or of a species.
What is sequencing? Working out the order of nucleotides in a length of DNA.
What is recombinant DNA? DNA that has has DNA from a different source inserted into it.
What is a transfered organism? An organism that has had foreign DNA inserted into it.
What is used to treated DNA which contains human growth hormone? (HGH) Restriction hormone.
What are sticky ends? Short stretches of unpaired nucleotides at the end of a DNA molecule.
What is a plasmid? A small circular piece of DNA that occurs naturally in bacteria.
What is replica plating? A technique used to determine which of several colonies of bacteria have successfully taken up a plasmid containing the desired gene, by testing for antibiotic resistance.
What is a retrovirus? A virus whose genetic material consists of RNA and which makes DNA using the RNA as a template when it has entered a host cell.
What do promoters do? They switch on genes.
What is electrophoresis? Seperating fragment of DNA according to their size, by applying voltage across them, the DNA fragments are pulled towards the positive end, smallest first.
What is a biotic factor? A living component of the environment that effects the distribution and abundance of a species e.g. predators, competition.
What is a Abiotic factor? A non-living component of the environment that effects the distribution and abundance of species.
Give 3 examples of a biotic factor. Predation, parasitism, competition and feeding.
Give 3 examples of an abiotic factor. Temperature,light intensity, CO2 or O2 concentrations, water supply, pH of water or soil.
Whats a trophic level? The stage of a food chain at which an organism feeds.
What do decomposers feed on? Detritus.
What are large decomposers such as earth worms called? Detritivores.
What's the rate at which plants convert light energy into chemical potential energy called? Primary productivity.
In farming, what's a monoculture? An area covered by a single variety of a single plant species.
What is a jumble of rocks left behind by a retreating glacier called? A moraine.
What is a succession? A directional change in a community over time.
What is a serial stage? One of the communities that exists during a succession.
What is a primary succession? Successions that occurs on a piece of ground that began with no soil.
Whats a secondary succession? Succession that occurs following clearance of land that already has soil.
Name 2 methods of studying successions. Continuous transects (Using all of the tape) and interval transects (using certain points of the tape).
What is nitrogen fixation? The conversion of nitrogen from nonreactive nitrogen gas to a more reactive form such as ammonia or nitrate ions.
What enzyme do bacteria use to help them fix nitrogen? Nitrogenase.
What's the production of ammonia called? Ammonifiation.
What do nitrifying bacteria do? Convert ammonia from the soil into nitrate ions.
What is nitrifcation? Production of nitrate ions by the oxidation of ammonia ions.
What is dentrification? The production of nitrogen gas from nitrate ions.
Created by: philwindude
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