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Chapter 9 and 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is asexual reproduction in plants known as? | Vegetative propagation. |
| What is suckering? | An outgrowth from the roots of a plant that is capable of growing into a complete new plant. |
| What is the only way in which English elms reproduce? | By growing suckers. |
| What is callus? | A group of undifferentiated plant cells. |
| What is a meristematic cell? | A plant cell that is able to divide by mitosis. |
| What is an explant? | A small group of cells taken from a parent plant to be used in tissue culture. |
| What is a tissue culture? | The growth of many genetically identical plants from a small group of cells. |
| How are explants treated? | They are immersed in a well aerated solution containing plant growth substances. |
| Name two plant growth substances? | Auxin and cytokinin. |
| What is the benefit to a farmer if he uses genetically identical plants? | They will be the same every time and will all be ready to harvest at the same time. |
| What is reproductive cloning? | Using cloning to produce a complete organism. |
| What is non-reproductive cloning? | Using cloning to produce just some cells. |
| What does totipotent mean? | Able to form every different kind of cell. |
| What does pluripotent mean? | Able to form most of the different kinds of cells. |
| What is non-reproductive cloning used for? | Used to help find cures for serious diseases such as cancer. |
| What is biotechnology? | The industrial use of living organisms to produce food, drugs or other products. |
| What is a nutrient broth? | A liquid containing the full range of nutrients required by a population of microorganisms in which they can be cultured. |
| In a culture of bacteria, what is the lag phase? | The initial stages of growth in a culture. |
| In a culture of bacteria, what is the log phase? | The stage at which growth of the culture doubles at regular intervals. |
| In a culture of bacteria, what is the stationary phase? | It's when the cultures birth rate matches the death rate, so the population size stays constant. |
| In a culture of bacteria, what is the death phase? | When the death rate exceeds the birth rate. |
| What is the signard growth curve? | The pattern of growth shown by many organisms when first introduced into a new environment. |
| What do you call the containers that are used for culturing microorganisms? | Fermenters. |
| What is a metabolite? | A substance made by a cell in the course of its metabolism. |
| How is a secondary metabolite different to a primary metabolite? | A secondary metabolite is only produced by some cells in a culture, a primary metabolite is produced by most of the cells in a culture. |
| Is penicillin a primary or secondary metabolite? | A secondary metabolite. |
| What is a batch culture? | Culturing microorganisms in a closed fermenter to which nothing is added during the fermentation, at the end of the process the product is harvested, the fermenter cleaned out and a new fermentation is set up. |
| What is a fed batch culture? | A modified form of batch culture in which nutrients are added at intervals during the fermentation process. |
| What does mycoprotein mean? | Fungus protein. |
| What is a continuous culture? | Cutting microorganisms in a closed fermenter to which nutrients are added steadily throughout the fermentation and products are steadily harvested. |
| What is asepsis? | It is the absence of all microorganisms apart from the one you wish to culture. |
| What are immboilised enzymes? | Enzymes that have been trapped into or onto a solid. |
Created by:
philwindude
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