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Chapter 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name all stages of meiosis in order. | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokenesis. |
| Name all the stages of mitosis/ meiosis continued? | Prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, Telophase II, cytokenesis II. |
| What happens in prophase? | Chromosomes condense and become visible and chromosomes form a bivalent. |
| What happens in metaphase? | Nuclear envelope disappears, centrioles reach the poles and bivalents are pulled to the equator. |
| What happens in anaphase? | The homologous chromosomes of each bivalent separate. Each is pulled to opposite poles by microtubules. |
| What happens in telophase? | Chromosomes decondense and two new nucleus's are formed, now with half the chromosomes in each. |
| What happens in cytokinesis? | Two new cells are formed. Centrioles divide and new spindles are formed. |
| How do you remember the stages of meiosis continued? | It is the same as regular meiosis but each stage has double the cells. |
| What is a bivalent? | A pair of chromosomes. |
| What is a chromatid? | One side of a chromosome. |
| What is a chiasma? | When two chromatids over lap. |
| What's a locus? | A position on a chromosome where a particular gene is found. |
| What does homologous mean? | Having a similar base sequence in genes. |
| What is a allele? | One of two alternative forms for a gene. |
| What is independent assortment? | The random assortment of each pair of homologous chromosomes on the equator, ensuring that either one of a pair of homologous chromosomes can be found with either one of another pair. |
| What is crossing over? | The exchange of alleles between chromatids of homologous chromosomes as a result of chiasma formation. |
| When does independent assortment occur? | In metaphase I. |
| Where does crossing over occur? | Prophase I. |
| What is genetics the study of? | Inheritance. |
| What is a recessive allele? | An allele having an effect on a phenotype only when a dominant allele is not present. |
| hat is a phenotype? | The characteristics of an organism. |
| What is a dominant allele? | An allele having an effect on the phenotype even when a recessive allele is also present. |
| What is a genotype? | The alleles of a particular gene or genes possed by an organism. |
| What's it called when both alleles of a gene are the same? | Homozygous. |
| What's it called when the alleles of a gene are different? | Heterozygous. |
| What is codominance? | When both alleles have an effect on the phenotype in a heterozygous organism. |
| Do women have X or Y chromosomes? | They have two Xs. |
| Do men have X or Y chromosomes? | They have one of each. |
| What is dihybrid inheritance? | The study of inheritance of two different genes. |
| What is epistasis? | The inheritance of two or more different genes to produce a particular inheritance. |
| What is polgenic heritance? | When characteristics are influenced by the combined effect of many genes. |
| What is stabilizing selection? | Natural selection when nothing changes. |
| Name the three things which can cause different species. | Ecological, temporal or reproductive barriers. |
Created by:
philwindude
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