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Chapter 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What links to the base adenine? | Thymine |
| What links to the base cytosine? | Guanine |
| What base is replaced with uracil in RNA? | Thymine |
| Define gene. | A sequence of DNA nucleotides that code for one polypeptide. |
| What are polypeptides made from? | A sequence of amino acids. |
| What are proteins made from? | polypeptides. |
| How many amino acids are there? | 20 |
| What do triplets code for? (3 bases) | One amino acid |
| Where are proteins made a cell? | Cytoplasm |
| What is transcription? | Producing an mRNA molecule with complimentary base sequence to one strand of a length of DNA. |
| What is usually transcribed in DNA at a time? | A gene coding for one polypeptide. |
| What breaks hydrogen bonds between DNA bases? | DNA helicase |
| What enzyme links RNA nucleotides together in transcription? | RNA polymerase. |
| What is translation? | The synthesis of proteins on a ribosome, the sequence of amino aids is determined by the sequence of bases in the mRNA. |
| What's a group of 3 bases on a mRNA molecule called? | A codon |
| Describe the structure of transfer RNA (tRNA) | It is one strand of RNA folded on itself with 3 anti-codons and the top of tRNA is attached to a amino acid. |
| What is a anti-codon? | A sequence of three bases on tRNA opposite to that found on mRNA, it determines the sequence of amino acids? |
| What does tRNA transferase do? | Loads a specific amino acid onto a specific tRNA molecule. |
| What reaction binds amino acids together and what bond is formed? | Condensation and peptide bond. |
| Describe the substitution mutation. | It's the replacement of one base pair from a DNA molecule. |
| Describe the deletion mutation. | It's the deletion of one base pair. |
| Describe the insertion mutation. | The addition of one base pair to a DNA molecule. |
| What is frame shift? | The result of adding or removing one base pair from a DNA molecule, so the way in which a triplet is read is altered. |
| Which mutations does frame shift occur in? | Deletion and insertion. |
| What mutation is caused by substitution? | Sickle cell anaemia. |
| What is the lac operon? | A length of DNA in E-coli which controls the production of lactose permease and beta galatosidase. |
| What is a promoter? | A length of DNA that is needed for a gene to be transcribed. |
| What's an operator? | Part of an operon to which another molecule can bind, covering the promoter and preventing transcription. |
| What is a regulation gene? | Part of an operon that codes for a repressor protein. |
| What is a repressor protein? | A protein that can bnd to the operator, blocking the promoter and preventing transcription. |
| What happens when lactose binds to a repressor protein? | It unbinds from the operator allowing transcription to occur. |
| What is a homebox gene? | A gene which switches a whole set of other genes on or off, affecting an organisms body plan. |
| What's a body plan? | The overall design of an organisms body. |
| What's it called when genes have similar base sequences? | Homologous. |
| What is a transcription factor? | A substance that can bind with a particular region of DNA and either initiate or prevent transcription. |
| Describe apoptosis. | It is a programmed cell death, important for development from an embryo to an adult. |
Created by:
philwindude
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