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Apologia Botany
Chapter 6 Vocabulary - Exploring Creation with Botany
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stomata | More than one little mouth on the bottom side of a leaf. |
| Stoma | One mouth on the bottom side of a leaf. |
| Consumers | Things that eat plants or other creatures |
| Producers | Plants that make their own food |
| Guard cells | They expand and shrink to open and close the stoma |
| Carbon dioxide | A chemical in the air that the leaf uses to make food for the plant |
| Oxygen | A chemical that plants make and release into the air that is necessary for us to breathe. |
| Photosynthesis | "photo" = light "synthesis" = to put together. The process of leaves using light to put carbon dioxide and water together to make sugar and oxygen |
| Sap | A mixture of water and sugar and other chemicals that travel throughout the plant and gives the plant energy to grow |
| Chlorophyll | Makes leaves green. Absorbs the light's energy and gives it to the leaf to use. |
| Control | The standard in the experiment |
| Variable | The part of the experiment that is varied |
| Transpiration | When the stomata releases excess water from the plant that comes up from the roots |
| Deciduous | Plants that lose their leaves in the fall |
| Petiole | The place where the leaf is connected to the tree. In the fall, a little scab forms between the branch and the petiole preventing the water from the tree from reaching the leaves. |
| Anatomy | All the different parts that make up a larger body |
| Apex | The very tip of the leaf |
| Midrib | The main vein of the leaf |
| Lamina | The entire leaf above the petiole |
| Margin | The blade or edge that surrounds the leaf |
| Simple leaf | One leaf attached to the stem of the plant by a single petiole |
| Compound leaf | Has several leaflets attached to a single petiole |
| Leaflets | Individual blades on a compound leaf |
| Opposite leaves | Leaves that are directly opposite from one another going up the stem |
| Alternate leaves | Leaves that are not directly across from one another on the stem, but alternate as they go up the stem |
| Whorled leaves | Leaves that are attached to the stem and arranged in a ring around the stem |
| Venation | The pattern of veins on a leaf |
| Parallel venation | When a leave's veins run up and down the leaf without intersecting |
| Pinnate venation | When a leave's veins all branch out from a single vein in the middle |
| Palmate venation | When a leave's veins not only branch out from the midrib, but those branches also have branches on them |
| Linear leaf | When the leaves are about the same width from the top of the leaf to the bottom |
| Lanceolate | When the leaf is wider at the bottom and tapers towards the top |
| Oblanceolate | When the leaf is wider at the top than at the bottom |
| Elliptical | When the leaf tapers at both the petiole and the apex (top and bottom), but is still longer than it is wide |
| Oblong | When there is no tapering on either end and the leaf is about twice as long as it is wide |
| Oval leaf | egg-shaped |
| Ovate leaf | Shaped like an egg but tapers toward the apex |
| Obovate leaf | The upside-down version of the ovate where the leaf is egg-shaped but tapers at the petiole |
| Spatulate leaf | Somewhat egg-shaped but the taper towards the petiole is very long (spoon-shaped) |
| Deltoid leaf | A triangular-shaped leaf |
| Cordate leaf | An upside-down heart shaped leaf |
| Reniform leaf | Kidney-shaped leaf |
| Cuneate leaf | Wedge-shaped leaf |
| Lobed leaf | A leaf with deep indentations |
| Clef leaf | The indentations of the leaf are very deep and tend to be sharp |
| Needle-like leaf | Shaped like needles |
| Awl-like leaf | Like needles, but not as long and look like thin triangles |
| Scale-like leaf | Leaves that look like fish scales |
| Entire margin | The outer edge of a leaf is smooth with no indentations or teeth |
| Serrate margin | The leaf has tiny, sharp teeth along its outer edge |
| Dentate margin | The leaf's outer edge has more pronounced teeth that also point outward rather than just towards the apex |
| Crenate margin | The teeth are rounded rather than pointed |
| Undulate margin | The leaf's edge doesn't have teeth, but is wavy |
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