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Apologia Botany
Chapter 6 Vocabulary - Exploring Creation with Botany
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Stomata | More than one little mouth on the bottom side of a leaf. |
Stoma | One mouth on the bottom side of a leaf. |
Consumers | Things that eat plants or other creatures |
Producers | Plants that make their own food |
Guard cells | They expand and shrink to open and close the stoma |
Carbon dioxide | A chemical in the air that the leaf uses to make food for the plant |
Oxygen | A chemical that plants make and release into the air that is necessary for us to breathe. |
Photosynthesis | "photo" = light "synthesis" = to put together. The process of leaves using light to put carbon dioxide and water together to make sugar and oxygen |
Sap | A mixture of water and sugar and other chemicals that travel throughout the plant and gives the plant energy to grow |
Chlorophyll | Makes leaves green. Absorbs the light's energy and gives it to the leaf to use. |
Control | The standard in the experiment |
Variable | The part of the experiment that is varied |
Transpiration | When the stomata releases excess water from the plant that comes up from the roots |
Deciduous | Plants that lose their leaves in the fall |
Petiole | The place where the leaf is connected to the tree. In the fall, a little scab forms between the branch and the petiole preventing the water from the tree from reaching the leaves. |
Anatomy | All the different parts that make up a larger body |
Apex | The very tip of the leaf |
Midrib | The main vein of the leaf |
Lamina | The entire leaf above the petiole |
Margin | The blade or edge that surrounds the leaf |
Simple leaf | One leaf attached to the stem of the plant by a single petiole |
Compound leaf | Has several leaflets attached to a single petiole |
Leaflets | Individual blades on a compound leaf |
Opposite leaves | Leaves that are directly opposite from one another going up the stem |
Alternate leaves | Leaves that are not directly across from one another on the stem, but alternate as they go up the stem |
Whorled leaves | Leaves that are attached to the stem and arranged in a ring around the stem |
Venation | The pattern of veins on a leaf |
Parallel venation | When a leave's veins run up and down the leaf without intersecting |
Pinnate venation | When a leave's veins all branch out from a single vein in the middle |
Palmate venation | When a leave's veins not only branch out from the midrib, but those branches also have branches on them |
Linear leaf | When the leaves are about the same width from the top of the leaf to the bottom |
Lanceolate | When the leaf is wider at the bottom and tapers towards the top |
Oblanceolate | When the leaf is wider at the top than at the bottom |
Elliptical | When the leaf tapers at both the petiole and the apex (top and bottom), but is still longer than it is wide |
Oblong | When there is no tapering on either end and the leaf is about twice as long as it is wide |
Oval leaf | egg-shaped |
Ovate leaf | Shaped like an egg but tapers toward the apex |
Obovate leaf | The upside-down version of the ovate where the leaf is egg-shaped but tapers at the petiole |
Spatulate leaf | Somewhat egg-shaped but the taper towards the petiole is very long (spoon-shaped) |
Deltoid leaf | A triangular-shaped leaf |
Cordate leaf | An upside-down heart shaped leaf |
Reniform leaf | Kidney-shaped leaf |
Cuneate leaf | Wedge-shaped leaf |
Lobed leaf | A leaf with deep indentations |
Clef leaf | The indentations of the leaf are very deep and tend to be sharp |
Needle-like leaf | Shaped like needles |
Awl-like leaf | Like needles, but not as long and look like thin triangles |
Scale-like leaf | Leaves that look like fish scales |
Entire margin | The outer edge of a leaf is smooth with no indentations or teeth |
Serrate margin | The leaf has tiny, sharp teeth along its outer edge |
Dentate margin | The leaf's outer edge has more pronounced teeth that also point outward rather than just towards the apex |
Crenate margin | The teeth are rounded rather than pointed |
Undulate margin | The leaf's edge doesn't have teeth, but is wavy |