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Unit 1: Ecology
Vocabulary for Unit 1: Ecology in Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Exponential growth | A growth in which the rate is proportional to the increasing number or size in an exponential (rather than arithmetical) or logarithmic progression |
| Logistic growth | Population growth in which the growth rate decreases with increasing number of individuals until it becomes zero when the population reaches a maximum. |
| Carrying capacity | largest number of individuals of a particular species that can survive over long periods of time in a given enviroment, this level depends on the effect of the limiting factors |
| Density dependent factors | A factor whose effects on the size or growth of population vary with the population density;Density dependent factors typically involve biotic factors, such as the availability of food, parasitism, predation, disease, and migration |
| Density independent factors | A factor that affects the size of a population independent or regardless of the population density. In ecology, density independent factors are the physical or abiotic factors like weather, forest fire, pollutant, etc. |
| Biodiversity | The existence of a wide range of different types of organisms in a given place at a given time. The diversity of plant and animal life in a particular habitat (or in the world as a whole); |
| Trophic level | A position in a food chain or Ecological Pyramid occupied by a group of organisms with similar feeding mode |
| Biomass | (1)The total mass of all living material in a specific area, habitat, or region. (2) Biological material used as a fuel, or source of [energy]. |
| Tropism | An involuntary orienting response; positive or negative reaction to a stimulus source |
| niche | ecology) (1) The specific area where an organism inhabits. (2) The role or function of an organism or species in an ecosystem. (3) The interrelationship of a species with all the biotic and abiotic factors affecting it. |
| habitat | Place where an organism or a biological population normally lives or occurs. (3) The home to a particular organism where the species will attempt to be as adaptive as possible to that particular environment. |
| primary succession | An ecological succession that occurs following an opening of uninhabited, barren habitat or that occurs on an environment that is devoid of vegetation and usually lacking topsoil. |
| secondary succession | The ecological succession that occurs on a preexisting soil after the primary succession has been disrupted or destroyed due to a disturbance that reduced the population of the initial inhabitants. |
| nitrogen fixation | The incorporation of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia by various bacteria, catalysed by nitrogenase. |
| denitrification | The conversion of nitrates into nitrogen gas which is then released into the atmosphere. This is caused by bacteria and how they obtain their energy. A small amount is converted to usable forms by lightning in a process, stmospheric nitrogen fixation. |
| energy pyramid | A graphical model that is shaped like a pyramid to show how the energy flows through a food chain, the amount of energy is decreasing and becoming less available for organisms in each trophic level, and much of energy in ecosystems is lost as heat. |
| biomagnification | the process by which the concentration of toxic substances increases in each successive link in the food chain; also called [ biological magnification ] |
| symbiosis | a long-term relationship between two different species. To this can be added, mutualism, (benefit for both), commensalism (benefit for one neutral for the other) and parasitism (benefit for one, costly for the other). |
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