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Mitosis Mohara
Cell Division
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why do cells divide? | The cell has trouble moving enough nutrients and wastes across the membrane |
| What does the rate of material exchange depend on? | On the surface area of the cell (total area of cell membrane) |
| What do cells exchange? | Food, water, and oxygen |
| What does the rate at which food and oxygen are used up and waste products are produced depend on? | It depends on the cell's volume |
| There is a relationship between which two parts of the cell? | It's surface area and volume |
| What is this relationship key to? | Understanding why cells must divide as they grow |
| What is asexual reproduction? | When an organism makes an exact copy of itself |
| All cells come from what? | Pre-existing cells |
| Cellular reproduction is called what? | Cell division |
| Cell division allows what? | An embryo to develop into an adult |
| What else does cell division allow? | It also ensures the continuity of life from one generation to the next |
| Prokaryotic cells divide ______ | asexually |
| How many chromosomes do prokaryotic cells have? | A single chromosome, containing genes, which is then replicated |
| What is it called when a prokaryotic cell divides into two cells? | binary fusion |
| A eukaryotic cell has many more _______ than a prokaryotic cell | genes |
| Where are the genes in a eukaryotic cell? | The genes are grouped into multiple chromosomes, found in the nucleus |
| What do chromosomes contain? | A very long DNA molecule with thousands of genes |
| When are individual chromosomes visible? | Individual chromosomes are only visible during cell division |
| What are chromosomes packaged as? | Chromatin |
| What is karyotype? | A photographic inventory of an individual's chromosomes |
| What happens before a cell starts dividing? | The chromosomes are duplicated |
| What does the duplication of chromosomes produce? | sister chromatids |
| What happens to the sister chromatids when the cell divides? | They separate and two daughter cells are produced |
| What do the two daughter cells have? | Each has a complete and identical set of chromosomes |
| What is the first major phase of the cell cycle? | Interphase, where chromosomes duplicate and cell parts are made |
| What is the second major phase of the cell cycle? | The mitotic phase, when cell division occurs |
| What are the two stages of eukaryotic cell division? | Mitosis and cytokinesis |
| In mitosis, where are the duplicated chromosomes distributed? | Into two daughter nuclei |
| What moves coiled chromosomes into the middle of the cell? | A mitotic spindle |
| What happens next? | The sister chromatids then separate and move to opposite poles of the cell |
| What does the process of cytokinesis do? | The process of cytokinesis divides the cell into two genetically identical cells |
| In animals, cytokinesis occurs by what? | Cleavage |
| What does cleavage do? | It pinches cells apart |
| What splits the cell in two in plants? | A membranous cell plate |
| Most animal cells only divide when what? | Stimulated |
| What happens with cell division in most laboratory cultures? | Most normal cells divide only when attached to a surface |
| What are cells said to be and what does this mean? | They are said to be anchorage dependent, meaning they only divide when attached to a surface |
| What is density-dependent inhibition? | The process by which cells continue dividing until they touch one another |
| What are growth factors? | Proteins secreted by cells that stimulate other cells to divide |
| What controls the cell cycle? | Proteins within the cell |
| What determines whether the cell will go through a complete cycle and divide? | Signals affecting critical checkpoints |
| What is necessary for cell division? | The binding of growth factors to specific receptors on the plasma membrane |
Created by:
haileybrock
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