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Mod 3B PP Ch. 19

The Urinary System Power Point

QuestionAnswer
Right kidney is... usually a little lower than the left kidney
20% of total blood pumped by heart each minute... enters the kidneys.
Renal cortex Outer layer of kidney
Renal medulla Inner portion of kidney
Renal pyramids Triangular divisions of medulla
Renal papilla Narrow, innermost end of pyramid
Renal pelvis Expansion of upper end of ureter lies inside kidney
Renal calyces Divsions of renal pelvis
Small independent filtering units Nephrons filter water and slolute from the blood.
Interior kidney composed of... more than 1 million microscopic nephrons.
Glomerulus Network of blood capillaries surrounded by Bowman capsule
Bowman capsule Cup shaped top of nephron
Walls of both Glomerulus and Bowman capsule... are permeable.
Henle loop Extension of proximal tubeule; consists of descending limb, loop and ascending limb.
Distal convoluted tubule Extension of ascending limb of Henle loop.
Collecting duct Straight extension of distal tubule.
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) First segment of Renal tubule.
Kidney functions (1)Excrete toxins and nitrogenous wastes (2)Regulate levels of many chemicals in blood (ph) (3) Maintain water balance (Electrolyte) (4)Help regulate blood pressure and volume (5) Regulate RBC production by secreting erythropoietin (EPO).
Filtration Causes substances in the glomerulus to be pushed into the Bowman's capsule as a result of blood pressure.
Normal glomerular filtration rate 125 mL/min
Reabsorption Movement of substances out of renal tubules into blood capillaries
Water is reabsorbed by... osmosis from proximal tubes
Water, nutrients, and ions are... reabsorbed
Secretion Movement of substances from blood into tubules
Secreted by active transport... hydrogen ions, potassium ions, and certain drugs.
Ammonia is secreted by... diffusion
Amount of urine that must be elimianated daily 17 oz
Three hormones that affect how urine is created ADH, Aldosterone, ANH
ADH Anti-diuretic hormone and is released from the posterior pituitary gland.
ANH (Atrial Natriuretic Hormone) Atrial natriuretic hormone and is released from the atrial wall of the heart
Aldoseterone Secreted by adrenals
ANH increases urine volume
ADH & Aldosterone decreases urine volume
Ureters Narrow long tubes with expanded upper end (renal pelvis) located inside kidney and is lined with mucous membrane and muscular layer.
Function of the ureter Drain urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder.
Urinalysis Examination of the physical, chemical and microscopic cht. of urine.
Physical cht. of urine Color, cloudiness, odor
Chemical cht. of urine pH, urea concentration, glucose, protein
Microscopic cht. of urine blood cells or casts.
Casts Small mineral deposits of cells found in a urine sample.
Urinary Bladder Elastic muscular organ, capable of GREAT EXPANSION and is lined with mucous membrane arranged in rugae.
Function of urinary bladder Storage of urine before urination/voiding and urination.
Urethra Narrow tube from urinary bladder to exterior and is lined with mucous membrane
Urinary meatus Opening of urethra to the exterior
Function of Urethra Passage of urine from bladder to exterior of body and passage of male semen.
Micturition Passage of urine from body aka voiding or urination
Internal urethral sphincter Involuntary
External urethral sphincter Voluntary
Bladder wall permits... storage of urine with little increase in pressure.
Urinary retention Urine produced but bladder is unable to empty.
Urinary suppression No urine produced but bladder is normal.
Incontinence Urine is voided involuntarily
Urge incontinence Overactivity or involuntary detrusor muscle contraction
Stress incontinence Weakened pelvic floor muscles due to laughing, coughing or heavy lifting.
Overflow incontinence Dribbling of urine; overdistended bladder
Reflex incontinence Absence of any sensory warning or awareness, common in stroke or spinal cord injuries.
Neurogenic bladder Periodic but unpredictable voiding, related to paralysis or abnormal bladder function
Hydronephrosis Enlargement of renal pelvis and calyces caused by blockage of urine flow
Renal calculi Kidney stones
Tumors Renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer)
Hematuria Blood in the urine
UTI Urinary Tract Infection; gram negative bacteria
Urethritis Inflammation of the urethra
Cystitis Inflammation of the urinary bladder
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the renal pelves and connective tissues of the kidney
Acute Pyelonephritis Infectious
Chronic Pyelonephritis Autoimmune
Glomerular disorders Damage to the glomerular-capsular membrane of the renal corpuscles
Proteinuria Protein in the urine
Hypoalbuminemia Low plasma protein (albumin) level caused by loss of proteins to urine
Edema Tissue swelling caused by loss of water from plasma as a result of hypoalbuminemia.
Acute renal failure Abrupt reduction in kidney function that is usually reversible.
Chronice renal failure Slow, progressive loss of nephrons caused by a variety of underlying diseases.
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) numerous fluid-filled cysts that destroy kidney tissue as they grow; hereditary.
Stage 1 kidney failure Early in disorder, healthy nephrons often compensate for the loss of damaged nephrons
Stage 2 kidney failure Often called renal insufficiency, loss of kidney function and ultimately results in uremia; life threatening
Stage 3 kidney failure Uremia or uremic syndrome- complete kidney failure that results in death unless transplant or articial kidney is done.
pH Acidity level in blood
Created by: ROSSMIBOA
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