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Ch 10 Bold Terms
Bio AP: Photosynthesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Photosynthesis | Chloroplasts capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy stored in sugar and organic molecules |
| Autotrophs | create own energy |
| Heterotrophs | obtain energy from other organisms |
| Chlorophyll | the green pigment located within chloroplasts |
| Mesophyll | the tissue in the interior of the leaf |
| Stroma | the dense fluid within the choloroplast |
| Thylakoids | an elaborate system of interconnected membrane sacs that segregate the stroma from the interior of the thylakoids |
| Light Reactions | the 1st step of photosynthesis that convert solar energy to chemical energy (photo) |
| Calvin Cycle | the 2nd major stage of photosynthesis involving fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide and reduction of the fixed carbon into carbohydrate. (synthesis) |
| NADP+ | an electron acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions |
| Photophosphorylation | using chemiosmosis to power the addition of a phosphate group to ADP |
| Carbon Fixation | initial incorporation of carbon into organic compounds |
| Wavelength | distance between the crests of electromagnetic waves |
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | the entire range of radiation |
| Visible Light | radiation from about 380 nm to 750 nm in wavelength. can be detected as various colors by the human eye. |
| Photons | a quantum of light energy that behaves as if it were a particle |
| Spectrophotometer | instrument that can measure the ability of pigment to absorb various wavelengths of light |
| Absorption Spectrum | a graph plotting a pigment's light absorption vs. wavelength |
| Chlorophyll A | a photosynthetic pigment that participates directly in the light reactions, which convert solar energy to chemical energy. |
| Action Spectrum | a graph that profiles the relative effectiveness of different wavelengths of radiation in driving a particular process |
| Chlorophyll B | an accessory photosynthetic pigment that transfers energy to chlorophyll A. |
| Carotenoids | hydrocarbons that are various shadees of yellow and orange because they absorb violet and blue-green light. |
| Photosystem | a light-capturing unit located in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast or in the membrane of some prokaryotes, consisting of a reaction-center complex surrounded by numerous light-harvesting complexes |
| Reaction-Center Complex | a complex of proteins associated with a special pair of chlorophyll A molecules and a primary electron acceptor. |
| Light Harvesting Complex | a complex of proteins associated with pigment molecules that capture light energy and transfers it to reaction-center pigments in a photosystem |
| Primary Electron Acceptor | a molecule capable of accepting electrons and becoming reduced; located in reaction-center complex. |
| Photosystem II, Photosystem I | two types of photosystems that cooperate in the light reactions of photosynthesis |
| Linear Electron Flow | a flow electrons through the photsystems and other molecular components built into the thylakoid membrane; occurs during light reactions of photosynthesis |
| Cyclic Electron Flow | a route of electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis that involves only photosystem I and that produces ATP but NOT NADPH or oxygen |
| Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate (G3P) | a three-carbon sugar produced directly from the Calvin Cycle |
| Rubisco | the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of carbon fixation; RuBP Carboxylase |
| Photorespiration | a metabolic pathway that consumes oxygen and ATP, release carbon dioxide, and decreases photosynthetic output |
| Bundle-Sheath Cells | a photosynthetic cell of C4 plants that are arranged into tightly packed sheaths around the veins of a leaf |
| Mesophyll Cells | a type of photosynthetic cell in C4 plants that is between the bundle sheath and the leaf surface; loosely arranged |
| C4 Plants | a plant in which the Calvin Cycle is preceded by reactions that incorporate carbon dioxide into a four-carbon compound, the end product of which supplies carbon dioxide for the Calvin Cycle |
| Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) | plants that at night their stomata open to take in carbon dioxide and incorporate it into a variety of organic molecules. |
| CAM Plants | a plant that uses CAM |
| C3 Plants | a plant that uses the Calvin Cycle for the initial steps that incorporate carbon dioxide into organic material, forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable intermediate |
Created by:
mmmkayyy
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