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Earths Interior
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Crust | The layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer surface. |
| Basalt | A dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust. |
| mantle | The layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s crust and core. |
| Lithosphere | A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust. |
| Asthenosphere | The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats. |
| outer core | A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth. |
| Inner Core | A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth. |
| Radiation | The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. |
| Conduction | The transfer of heat within a material or between materials that are touching. |
| Convection | The transfer of heat by movement of a fluid. |
| Density | A measure of how much mass is contained in a given volume. |
| Convection Current | The movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another. |
| Continental drift | The hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth’s surface. |
| Pangaea | The name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today’s continents. |
| Earths inner core is made up of what type of material? | A dense ball of solid metal |
| What are the three types of heat transfer? | Convection, Conduction, Radiation |
| What was Alfred Wegeners hypothesis of continental drift? | He believed that the continents were once joined together in a single landmass. |
| Where does the mantle errupt to cause sea floor spreading? | Mid-Ocean Ridge |
| Why did geologist reject Wegeners theory about continental drift? | He could not explain why the continents had moved. |
| Why is old ocean crust more dense than newer crust? | It is cooler. |
| Rift Valleys form at what type of boundary? | transform boundary |
| What are the layers of the earth starting from the outer part we live on and moving toward the center. | Crust, Mantle, Outer core, Inner core. |
| Seismic Waves | Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake. |