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CH4 Tour of the Cell
BIOL Practice Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Light Microscope (LM) | The type of microscope used by Renaissance scientist is the same kind of microscope found today in most biology classrooms |
| Magnification | An increase in the object's image size compared with its actual size. |
| Resolving Power | The ability of an optical instrument to show two objects as seperate. |
| Cell Theory | States that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells. |
| Electron Microscope (EM) | Uses a beam of electrons to resolve objects. That gives electron microscopes 100-fold better resolution than light microscopes. |
| Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) | It is used to study the detailed architecture of the cell surface. |
| Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) | Used to study the internal structure of a cell. |
| Prokaryotic Cells | Known as prokaryotes, these cells are found in organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea. |
| Eukaryotic Cells | Called eukaryotes, these organisms are of the domain Eukarya--protists, plants, fungi, and animals. |
| Plasma Membrane | A barrier in common with all cells which regulates the traffic of molecules between the cell and its surroundings. |
| Cytosol | This is the thick jellylike fluid that suspends cellular components commonly found inside all cells. |
| Chromosomes | All cells have one or more ____ carrying genes that are made of DNA. |
| Ribosomes | All cells have ___ that build proteins according to instructions from the genes. |
| Organelles | The most significant structural difference is that only eukaryotic cells have ____ ("little organs"), membrane-enclosed structures that perform specific functions. |
| Nucleoid | A prokaryotic cell lacks a nucleus; its DNA is coiled into a "nucleus-like" region called the ____, which is not partitioned from the rest of the cell by membranes. |
| Cytoplasm | The entire region of the cell between the nucleus and plasma membrane is called the ____. |
| Phospholipids | The plasma membrane and other lipids and protiens of the cell are composed mostly of lipids and protiens. Most of the lipids belong to a special category called ____. |
| Phospholipids Bilayer | By forming a two-layered membrane, or ____, the hydrophobic fatty acid tails of the molecules stay in the membrane interior away from water, while the hydrophilic phospholipid heads remain surrounded by water on the inside or outside of the cell. |
| Fluid Mosaic | A membrane is a ____--fluid because the molecules can move freely past one another and a mosaic because of the diversity of proteins that float like icebergs in the phospholipid sea. |
| Extracellular Matrix | This layer hold cells together in tissues, and it can also have protective and supportive functions. |
| Cell Junctions | Structures that connects cells together into tissues, allowing them to function in a coordinated way. |
| Nuclear Envelope | The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by double membrane called the ____. |
| Chromatin | Within the nucleus, long DNA molecules and associated proteins form fibers called ____. |
| Endomembrane System | This system includes the nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and vacuoles. |
| Endoplasmic Riticulum (ER) | As one of the main manufacturing facilities within a cell, it produces an enormous variety of molecules. It is connected to the nuclear envelope, the ____ forms an extensive labyrinth of tubes and sacs running throughout the ctyoplasm. |
| Rough ER | One of the functions of this is to make more membrane and its title refers to the ribosomes that stud the outside of its membrane. |
| Transport Vesicles | Some products manufactured by rough ER are dispatched to other locations in the cell by means of ____, sacs made of membrane that bud off from the rough ER. |
| Smooth ER | This organelle lacks the ribosomes that populate the surface of rough ER. The diversity of enzymes built into the ____ membrane enables this organelle to perform many functions. One is the synthesis of lipids, including steroids. |
| Golgi apparatus | Working in close partnership witht the ER, the ____ an organelle named for its discoverer an Italian scientist, recieves, refines, stores, and distributes chemical products of the cell. |
| Lysome | This is a membrane-enclosed sac of digestive enzymes found in animal cells and it is absent from most plant cells. |
| Vacuoles | Large sacks of membrane that bud from the ER, Golgiapparatus, or plasma membrane. |
| Central Vacuoles | Another type of vacuole is the ____, which can account for more than half the volume of a mature plant cell. It stores organic nutrients, such as protiens stockpiled in the vacuoles of seed cells. |
| Chloroplasts | ____, which are unique to the photosynthesic cells of plants and algae, are the organelles that perform photosynthesis. |
| Stroma | A thick fluid within the chloroplast that makes up the second compartment. |
| Grana | The disks occur in interconnected stacks called ____. These are the chloroplast's solar power packs, the structures that trap light energy and convert it to chemical energy. |
| Mitochondria | ____ are the organelles of cellular respiration in nearly all cells, harvesting energy from sugars and other food molecules and using it to produce another form of chemical energy called ATP. |
| Matrix | An envelope of two membranes encloses the mitochondrion, which contains a thick fluid called the ____. |
| Cristae | The inner membrane of the envelope has numerous infoldings called ____. |
| Cytoskeleton | Cells have an infrastructure called the ____, a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm. It also serves as both skeleton and "muscles" for the cell, functioning in support and movement. |
| Microtubule | These are straight, hollow tubes composed of protiens. |
| Flagella | These motile appendages--extensions from a cell that aid in movement propel cells through their undulating, whiplike motion. |
| Cilia | ____ are generally shorter and more numerous than flagella and promote movement by a coordinated back-and-forth motion, like the rhythmic oars of a crew team. |
Created by:
nguill00
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