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mnd h bio ch 8 terms

honors biology chapter 8 terms

QuestionAnswer
chromosome rod shaped structures made of DNA and protien
histone protiens that help maintain the shape of the chromosome and aid in the tight packing of DNA
chromatid each of the two identical halves of the chromosome
centromere holds the two chromotids together until they seperate during cell division
chromatin less tightly coiled DNA-protien complex
sex chromosome chromosomes that determine the sex of the organism, and may also carry genes for other characteristics
autosome all of the other chromosomes in an organism
homologous chromosome two copies of each autosome
karyotype a photomicrograph of the chromosomes in a normal dividing cell found in a human
diploid cells having two sets of chromosomes
haploid cells having only one set of chromosomes
binary fission the division of a prokaryotic cell into two off-spring cells
mitosis first type of cell division that results in new cells with genetic material that is identical to the genetic material of the original cell
asexual reproduction the production of off-spring from one parent
meiosis second type of cell division that occurs during the formation of gametes
gamete haploid reproductive cells
interphase the time between cell divisions
cytokenesis division of the cell's cytoplasm
prophase first phase of mitosis; characterized by the condensation of the choromosomes and the disillution of the microenvelope
spindle fiber made of macrotubles, radiate from the centrosomes in the preperation of metaphase
metaphase second phase of mitosis during which all of the cell's chromosomes move to the cell's equator
anaphase the third phase of mitosis in which chromotids of each chromosome seperate at the centromere and slowly move towards opposite poles of the dividing cell
telophase after the chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell, the spindle fibers deassemble and the chromosomes return to a less coiled chromatin state
cell plate the precursur of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division and divides the cell in two
Created by: OConnellC16
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